Year 2024, Issue 1
Date published29.3.2024
Table of content
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Krasimira Slaveva, Vanya Ganeva
Sharing Economy – Characteristics, Consumer Practices and MeasurementKeywords: sharing economy, digital platforms, digital trust, sustainable (green, moral) consumption, collaborative consumptionSummary: This study examines the changes in the economy reflected in the sharing economy concept. Since the beginning of the 21st century, it has become an important part of the world economy posing a number of challenges to the operating... This study examines the changes in the economy reflected in the sharing economy concept. Since the beginning of the 21st century, it has become an important part of the world economy posing a number of challenges to the operating companies and regulatory bodies. The development of the sharing economy has led to the transformation of many sectors and to some changes in the way a number of businesses operate. In consumer models, attention is being paid to sustainable (green, moral) consumption. The aim of the study is to characterize and clarify the importance of the sharing economy. The study focuses on: presenting the main characteristics of the sharing economy, clarifying the factors that underlie its emergence; examining the consumer practices that distinguish it, as well as the ways of measuring and assessing it.DOI: https://doi.org/10.58861/tae.di.2024.1.01 -
Hrabrin Bashev
To the Question of Economic Study of Agrarian ContractsSummary: Arround the globe, a huge number of theoretical and empirical studies and publications related to agrarian contracts of various types have been made. In Bulgaria, the studies of economic contracts in general, and of agrarian... Arround the globe, a huge number of theoretical and empirical studies and publications related to agrarian contracts of various types have been made. In Bulgaria, the studies of economic contracts in general, and of agrarian contracts in particular, are incidental, with individual researchers applying "their own" definitions and methodologies, which are often contradictory, non-comprehensive and highly debatable. The article attempts to answer several important academic and practical questions: what is an economic contract, what is the difference of the economic approach compared to other (legal, sociological, etc.) approaches to the study of contracts, what is the role of economic contracts in agrarian governance, why there is such a huge variety of contracts used by agents, etc. The achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics are adapted and a holistic framework for the economic understanding and analysis of agrarian contracts and contractual relations in agriculture is presented. The system of agrarian contracts is seen as a complex, networked and multi-layered system, involving a variety of agrarian and non-agrarian Agents, who govern their relations and activities through various contractual Means (types of contracts), participating in the agrarian contractual Process, as a result of which in each particular time period in a given country, region, sub-sector, type of farming, agro-ecosystem, etc. dominates a certain contractual and governance Order. Like the economic analysis of the system of agrarian governance, the holistic analysis of the system of economic contracts is to apply an A-M-P-O approach, which includes an analysis of all its elements - Agents, Means, Process, and Order. The article offers an adequate economic definition of agrarian contracts and characterization of their place in the system of agrarian governance as bilateral or multilateral agreements related to agricultural production and services. After that, an economic characterization of the agents participating in the contractual relations is made, paying particular attention to their bounded rationality and tendency to opportunism. These two characteristics related to "human nature" are the reason for the existence of transaction costs and the need to choose an effective governing (contractual) form to increase the "rationality" of agents and protect against possible opportunism in their relationships.DOI: https://doi.org/10.58861/tae.di.2024.1.02 -
Maya Tsoklinova
Degree of Differences in the Structure of Government Expenditure for the Provision of Collective Services Between EU-26 and BulgariaKeywords: government expenditure, structural differences, convergence, public policies, public welfareSummary: The main goal of this article is to examine the differences in the structure of the expenditure of the “Central Gorvernment” sub-sector by functions of the classification of the functions of state government (COFOG) between the... The main goal of this article is to examine the differences in the structure of the expenditure of the “Central Gorvernment” sub-sector by functions of the classification of the functions of state government (COFOG) between the EU-26 and Bulgaria in the period 2007 - 2021 and, on this basis, to analyze the conducted public policies in the field of providing collective services for the benefit of society, aimed at increasing public welfare. To realize the set goal, an integral coefficient of structural differences is used. The obtained results indicate that during the analyzed period there are significant differences in the structure of certain expenditure by functions of the COFOG between the EU-26 and Bulgaria, which in turn is the reason for differentiation in the public policies implemented between the EU and Bulgaria.DOI: https://doi.org/10.58861/tae.di.2024.1.03 -
Dimitar Trendafilov
Legislation On Ensuring Fair Competition in TrademarksSummary: The purpose of developing trademarks as a tool in economic activity and in marketing practice, in particular, is to establish a distinction for the products of its owner, serving both his/her interests and those of consumers as... The purpose of developing trademarks as a tool in economic activity and in marketing practice, in particular, is to establish a distinction for the products of its owner, serving both his/her interests and those of consumers as concerns to the absence of delusions and unambiguous awareness of the origin of goods and services. However, how this differentiation is achieved and protected in a regulated way against deliberate or apparently good faith encroachments is the subject of legislation that does not always manage to set clear criteria and at least needs several points of view and interpretations. In this context, the article derives and interprets selected texts from the most important national and international normative acts (such as the Paris Convention, the EU Regulation and the local competition law), and at the end points out an exemplary litigation that arose on the basis of "similarity" to a well-known brand, considered unfair competition.DOI: https://doi.org/10.58861/tae.di.2024.1.04 -
Mariela Dimitrova
Analysis of Controversial Issues in the Appeal of Tax Revision Acts in the Context of Judicial PracticeJEL: H20Summary: This publication is based on a legal analysis of some controversial issues in tax practice, which are successfully applied and clarify the tax matter of business entities. Revision acts are the first phase of tax proceedings, which... This publication is based on a legal analysis of some controversial issues in tax practice, which are successfully applied and clarify the tax matter of business entities. Revision acts are the first phase of tax proceedings, which trigger the active behavior of both the tax administration, which is decisive in the said proceedings, and the economic entity, whose right to appeal the act is a guaranteed constitutional principle.DOI: https://doi.org/10.58861/tae.di.2024.1.05