Year 2023, Issue 1
Date published28.3.2023
Table of content
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Radka Vasileva
Applying the "Insurance Maximum" in Determining the Insurer's Retention. An Example from the Bulgarian Property Insurance MarketJEL: G22Summary: Reinsurance is a way for insurance companies to reduce fluctuations in their payments and to improve their financial stability. One of the problems that the risk theory in relation to reinsurance has to solve is that of the... Reinsurance is a way for insurance companies to reduce fluctuations in their payments and to improve their financial stability. One of the problems that the risk theory in relation to reinsurance has to solve is that of the insurance maximum, i.e. the largest amount of sum insured up to which an insurance company can accept liability without worsening its financial sustainability. Through the use of data on the activity of insurers in Bulgaria, the article calculates the "insurance maximum" for individual types of property insurance. Thanks to the obtained results, it becomes possible to make a quick decision regarding the "largest amount" of the sum insured that an insurance company can take without increasing the relative average risk.DOI: -
Admira Boshnyaku
Characteristics of the Business Environment in the Context of Industry 4.0Summary: Today’s business organisations operate in an extremely complex and rapidly changing business environment. Among the reasons for this dynamics are rapid technological progress, business globalization processes, changes in consumer... Today’s business organisations operate in an extremely complex and rapidly changing business environment. Among the reasons for this dynamics are rapid technological progress, business globalization processes, changes in consumer requirements, etc. The fourth industrial revolution and the massive application of the technologies associated with it in all aspects of our lives, in combination with the COVID-19 pandemic, have significantly strengthened all these processes, changing important factors of the surrounding business environment and thus posing new requirements and challenges for companies. In this regard, this article examines the main groups of macro factors of the business organizations' environment, analyzes some changes in them and some new requirements caused by Industry 4.0, that business organizations should take into account in the process of strategic business planning.DOI: -
Nikola Zhivkov, Marieta Zhivkova
The Role of Democracy in Reaching Public ConsolidationKeywords: democracy, citizen rights, nation-state community, freedom, equality, solidarity, national agreement, consolidation of societySummary: In this article, we analyzed in historical aspects of the Bulgarian authors related to the formation of the values of democracy. A logical connection with some of them is the analyzed leading goals and principles in the Preamble of... In this article, we analyzed in historical aspects of the Bulgarian authors related to the formation of the values of democracy. A logical connection with some of them is the analyzed leading goals and principles in the Preamble of the 1991 Constitution. They form the image of constitutional democracy. Based on modern theoretical statements and political practices, the conviction is imposed that, guided by its principles, the political subjects will be able to achieve agreement and consolidation necessary to bring sustainability to the development of society.DOI: -
Nikola Zhivkov
Bulgarian Political CultureKeywords: civic role of the personality, political culture, political orientations, types of political culture, participating Bulgarian political culture, civic participation, civic educationSummary: Through the fundamental theoretical understanding of political culture written by Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, we explain its essence, structural components and public mission. In this article, we are reviewing the creation and... Through the fundamental theoretical understanding of political culture written by Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, we explain its essence, structural components and public mission. In this article, we are reviewing the creation and development of Bulgarian political culture throughout its history. This understanding is based on its social role - the political socialization of citizens and their beliefs. To solve this task, we defended the thesis of creating an active network for civil education and civil culture.DOI: -
Walter E. Block
Indifference in economics: comment on Nozick, Hoppe and WysockiSummary: Nozick (1977) set a challenge for Austrian economics. On the one hand, this school of thought rejects the notion of indifference, and along with it, indifference curves. On the other hand, the praxeological school accepts the... Nozick (1977) set a challenge for Austrian economics. On the one hand, this school of thought rejects the notion of indifference, and along with it, indifference curves. On the other hand, the praxeological school accepts the concepts of supply and demand curves. But the latter supposition logically implies indifference, in that the persons for whom the supply and demand curves apply look upon all the constituent items as identical; if not, these diagrams could not be drawn. A similar account applies to diminishing marginal utility, another tool of economic analysis accepted by Austrians. But this, too, implies indifference, at least according to Nozick. Block (1980) responded critically to Nozick (1977). Hoppe (2005, 2009), a leading Austrian economist, agreed with Block that Nozick was in error, but also rejected Block’s specific refutation this eminent philosopher’s critique. Wysocki (2021) sided with Nozick and Hoppe in this debate. The present paper is an attempt to support the Blockian view vis a vis that of these three scholars.DOI: