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Elka Lubomirova Atanasova
Analysis of Income as a „Generation of Income“ Account Component
Summary:
„Generation of income" account contains information on value added components: compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports, subsidies, gross operating surplus, gross mixed income. It complements the information of "Production" account, allowing analysis of the level of wages in sectors and industries of the economy. Data from this account allow committing the income from productive activity to the results achieved by sectors and economic activities. This article provides an analysis of the statistical information contained in the "Generation of income" account for the period 2000-2012, to identify the formation macroeconomic trends.
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Petar Ilkov Peshev, Ivaylo Donchev Beev
Analysis of the Proportional Tax System in Bulgaria
Summary:
Proportional taxation with a single tax rate and the low tax rate policy intended to lower the shadow economy, increase tax revenues due the larger tax base, but also aimed to attract local and foreign investments, improving the employment situation, and finally to stimulate Bulgarian economy in the EU convergence process. Nearly a decade later empirical data allows an objective analysis of the pros and cons of tax cuts introduced in 2007 and 2008. This paper aims to provoke discussion on low tax policy implemented in in 2007 and 2008 and to analyze its suitableness and eventually to provoke a tax policy amendment debate.
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Plamen Milev
Opportunities for Building Computer Information Systems in Municipalities Using Dynamic Document Management
Summary:
The article deals with the structural differences of the documents in municipal administrations of Bulgaria. These documents are official forms that contain specific facts and information specified by the law. In this sense, each municipal administration works with documents using its own structure described in existing state and municipal regulations. Under the structure of the document in the article we understand a list of attributes of a given document and its specific meaning in terms of this document. In terms of municipal documents, the structure of the different forms does not change during the calendar year, but in many cases this structure differs for each subsequent calendar year. Therefore, this article focuses on the use of software methodology for dynamic document management in databases of municipal computer information systems of the local administration of the Republic of Bulgaria. For this purpose we consider the use of five software methods – software method for defining documents, software method for presenting documents in the form of metadata, software method for saving documents presented as metadata, software method of storing documents in the form of metadata, software method for retrieving documents stored as metadata.
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Bozhidar Bozhinov
Possibilities to Evaluate the Sustainability of the Banks in Bulgaria using a Rating System ALER(TS)
Summary:
As the global financial crisis of 2007 shows, the modern banks are crucial for the stability of the financial sector and the economy as a whole. The study aims to present to academics and banking professionals the developed methodology of the evaluation system for sustainable development of the banking sector ALER(TS) and assess the extent of its applicability based on real data analysis. The study argues that an independent and open-rating system to evaluating the banking sector contributes to increase its stability and competitiveness.
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Georgi Georgiev
Genesis of Concepts of Deflation from the Classical to the Neo-Classical Economic Schools
Summary:
The current study is devoted to deflation, which is a significantly less analyzed problem in modern economic theory. The interest to this topic is prompted by the increasing probability of deflationary episodes, due to the periods of recession and depression observed in recent years almost all around the world. The main thesis of the article is that analyzing the origin and genesis of the concepts that explation deflation during the mentioned period has the potential to increase effectiveness in managing future deflationary processes. The aim of the study is to present a comparative analysis of some of the first systematic economic studies – from the birth of economic science to the period of the Keynesian revolution. This is done to achieve a more accurate and complete understanding of the economic interpretations of deflation over time, as well as the reasons that led to it and the consequences of the process.
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Hrabrin Bashev
Why and How to Evaluate the "New" Governance Sustainability of Agriculture
Summary:
In Bulgaria, like in many other countries, there is practicaly no studies on the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for overall agricultural development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggesrs a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The new approach is “tested” in a large-scale study to assess the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture at national, sectoral, regional, ecosystem and farm levels.
It is proved that it is important to include the "missing" Governance Pillar in the assessment of the integral sustainability of agriculture and the sustainability of agricultural systems of different types. The multi-principal, multi-criteria and multi-indicator assessment of the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture found out that the overall sustainability is at a “good” but close to the “satisfactory” level. In addition, there is a significant differentiation of the levels of integral governance sustainability of the different types of agro-systems in the country. Moreover, the individual indicators with the highest and lowest sustainability values determine the “critical” factors enhancing and deteriorating the particular and integral governance sustainability of the evaluated agro-system.
Given the importance of holistic assessments of this type for improving agricultural sustainability in general, and the governance sustainability of agriculture in particular, they should be expanded and their accuracy and representativeness improved. The later requires increasing precision by increasing the surveyed farms and stakeholders, and using more "objective" data from surveys, statistics, professional experts in the field, etc.
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Yana Stoencheva
Building a Concept af a Criteria System When Making a Choice During a Purchase of a Residential Real Estate Property
Summary:
The purpose of the present article is to reveal, discuss and range in degree of significance various characteristics of a residential property which influence making a decision during a purchasing process. Apart from the obvious well-known characteristics of any property like location, price, structural characteristics, transport accessibility, etc. this article also discusses certain criteria based on the ancient Chinese philosophy of Feng Shui. Consequently, based on the thoroughly analysed criteria an attempt is presented at grading these criteria in priority and importance thus coming up with a criteria system for purchasing a residential property.
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Petya Emilova, Kremena Marinova
Innovative Solutions and Technologies in Tourism as an Opportunity for Digitalization of the Hotel Business
Summary:
Modern information and communication technologies are a factor for achieving effective management in the tourism sector and in particular hotels, and for this purpose they need to implement appropriate to their scale and requirements modern hotel information systems.
The purpose of this article is to study the hotel information systems offered on the software market and in particular those that successfully combine leading innovative trends such as application in the business of web technologies, cloud solutions and others. In this regard, the following tasks have been solved: the possibilities of Web 2.0 technologies, cloud services and Internet of Things (IoT) technology as important technological factors for the development of the tourism and hotel industry have been analyzed; the peculiarities and functional possibilities of the hotel information systems are presented; criteria for selection of hotel information system are outlined; în this basis, a comparative analysis of the web-based hotel information systems offered on the software market has been made; factors and recommendations for selection and implementation are defined.
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Emil Tsanov
Conceptual Aspects of Social Digital University
Summary:
The development of information technologies in direct proportion to the growth of technology and media for social interaction, sharing of resources and management of the relationship between objects and subjects of these processes, incl. university education systems requires improvements in their direction trinity "social network - content management - management of customer satisfaction." There are technologies, processes and specialized tools by means of which the contemporary complex environments for Content Management can automate processes throughout the life cycle of educational activities. Complex and diverse processes between objects and subjects of collaborative working build the nodes and relationships in a heterogeneous, multi-dimensional, optimal manageable social graph.
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Ivan G. Ivanov, Nonka Georgieva
A Linear Matrix Inequality Method for Stochastic Model on Markov Jump Linear Systems
Summary:
We consider a special class of linear quadratic stochastic models on Markov jump linear system. The aim is to find the best control function for a model. The search of the control function passes trough the computation of the maximal solution to a system of the general discrete time Riccati equations. An effective method for finding the maximal solution is the method of a linear matrix inequality (a standard method). In this paper we present two new modifications of the method of a linear matrix inequality. The numerical experiments for comparing the computational characteristics of the modified methods and the standard method are executed. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of new methods to the standard method.
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Yoana Petrova
Discrepancies upon Combining Individual and Group Behavoiur in the Organization
Summary:
The activity of certain organization can be determined as effective, if its members have accepted behaviour that stimulates the achievement of common goals. The combination of individual and group behaviour is a complicated and in certain cases continued process which can be accompanied by a variety of difficulties. There exist variants, in which there is a contradiction available between the individual and group. They ensue from: the individual characteristics of each man, his requirements to himself, his value system, his self-assessment, mode of action, aims that he has set to himself, his manner of behaviour and education. It is necessary to try to find ways and means of their overcoming. The combination of the both types of behaviour imposes adapting of a particular individual to the group, subjugation and sometimes denial of the own opinion with the purpose of accepting of the group one. For this purpose the specific ways and means of overcoming the mismatches between the individual and group behaviour in the organizations are pointed out in this article.
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Emilia Milanova
The New Philosophy Of Basel III
Summary:
The study discusses the major objectives of the Basel III reform package as a philosophy of the new capital accord. It emphasizes the improvement of the capital framework in five main aspects: strengthening the quality, consistency and transparency of the capital base; risk coverage improvement; supplementing the risk-based capital requirement with the leverage ratio; reduction of procyclicity of the counter-cyclical buffers; solution to the issues with the system risk and interconnectedness. The introduction of a global standard for liquidity is presented as another significant aspect in the Basel III package. The paper analyses the question to what extent the Bulgarian banking system is prepared for the new more rigid capital requirements.
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Stoyan Stoykov
Some Procedural Issues Relating to Criminal Legal Protection of Resources from EU Funds
Summary:
This article is dealing with the procedural rules for investigation of crimes affecting the EU financial system. Attacks with such a specific subject are new to our penal law. However, investigations of abuse of EU funds should not create special difficulties, as though it comes to crimes related to the subject of violations that are generic objects. Native jurisprudence in the broadest sense is a very solid practice connected with crimes chl.201 chl.212-203 and CC.
By ratifying, the Convention concerning the financial protection of the European Community is applied in Bulgaria introduced additional stock of crimes, and therefore be adopted and a number of other changes in laws and regulations (Law on financial management and control of public sector § 1 item 6, the Public Procurement Act and other).
An introduction of this additional criminal law is a fact that could raise questions about the constitutionality of the extent of this protection. For the first time in the Criminal Code used terms such as "funds belonging to the European Union" or "funds available to the Bulgarian state of the European Union.
Looking on constitutionality of protection of these funds to the EU under Article 17 paragraph 2 of the Constitution, property is divided into private and public. The composition of the crimes set out in Chapter Five of the Penal Code "Crimes against property" refers to the concept of 'foreign' - foreign property, foreign property, foreign Money and foreign values. Assets from the funds of the European Union or those granted such a Bulgarian EU country, are relevant to the subject matter of the offense in Chapter V of P Code "Crimes against property.
Interpreting Article 17 paragraph 2 of the Constitution, European Union funds are public property. Constitution as fundamental law, which set the basic principles of state social control does not provide additional protection or priority in the protection of public property to private (article 17 paragraph 2 CRB).
Such additional protection on the various property is governed by the Penal Code, which exalts the offenses of illegal encroachments on the property as a crime which protects against illegal activities the funds in this case.
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Agop Sarkisyan
Training Higher Educated Bulgarian Specialists in Information Security
Summary:
The article is dedicated to the matters related to the preparation of professionals with higher education degrees in the field of the computer technologies security. An analysis is made of the possibilities for such an education in Bulgaria and its different forms. Outlined are the problems which could be met in such training. In the end of the work a conclusion is made, that practically it is better to organize such an education as a master degree, t. e. as a superstructure on the Bachelor degree connected to the computer technologies.
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Hristo Nikolov
Organizational Structures in Management Systems - Science and Practice in Industrial Enterprises
Summary:
The article provides a theoretical overview of the nature and role of organizational structures in the enterprise management system. The processes that affect them are considered, as a result of which changes should be made in the organizational structures of enterprises in order to achieve effective management. Management systems are characterized. A definition of the industrial enterprise as a system is given and its main characteristics are indicated. The main approaches and methods of enterprise management are considered. The organizational structure in the management system is a variable of the internal environment of the industrial enterprise as a result of the influence of both internal and external factors.
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Nikolay Zhivkov
Parliamentary Governance and Democracy in Bulgaria (1878-1918)
Summary:
This paper examines how empowered political forces as subjects of parliamentary government have been guided by democracy and what errors have been admitted into their activities at the scene of the Bulgarian political life.
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Donika Stoyanova
The Impact of the Quality Management Systems on the Activities of Bulgarian Furniture Producers
Summary:
Quality management systems (QMS) undoubtedly are able to bring a number of positives in the organizations that made the decision of their implementation. They can contribute in improving the image of the enterprise to the clients and the other stakeholders; lowering the cost of internal and external nonconformities, optimizing the organizational processes and numerous other positive effects.
The article presents the results of a survey of Bulgarian furniture enterprises in the period 2015-2016 aimed to find out the benefits, realized due to implemented quality management systems.
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Atanas Atanasov, Galina Chipriyanova, Desislava Aleksandrova
Challenges in the Development of the Accounting Information System of Public Enterprises Listed on the BSE
Summary:
The significance of the accounting system of public enterprises listed on the BSE, in its entirety, is of fundamental importance for the economic and financial development of the country. It plays a key role in the management of these enterprises, their relationships with investors and society, as well as in risk management and compliance with regulatory requirements. This study aims to identify the specific characteristics of accounting for enterprises of public interest. The following tasks are addressed in the paper: 1) the requirements for accountability and transparency in the context of improving their accounting practices are examined; 2) special attention is paid to ethics within the functioning of the accounting information system (AIS) in the management of the enterprise of public interest; 3) a review of the reporting of enterprises in relation to sustainability is carried out. The thesis defended in the paper is that an effective and efficient accounting system contributes to the sustainability and success of public enterprises and enhances trust in the investment environment of the country.
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Mihail Chipriyanov, Galina Chipriyanova
Field of Application of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in Photovoltaic Project Management
Summary:
The article focuses on current issues in the field of application of Decision Support Systems (DSS) in the management of photovoltaic (PV) projects. In the era of renewable energy growth and the increasing need for environmentally sustainable solutions, PV projects are becoming increasingly important. In order to successfully execute such projects, informed decision-making and optimal resource utilization are required. One effective solution in this direction is the implementation of an integrated DSS, which supports the decision-making process. The article assesses the functions of DSS in PV projects, with a particular emphasis on its capabilities for data management and analysis, scenario analysis and simulation, as well as risk assessment and management. Using the case method, the importance of DSS in improving decision-making, optimizing resource allocation and increasing the efficiency of PV projects is argued.
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Mihail Chipriyanov
Product Benchmarking Research
Summary:
As a method for strategic research and decisions, benchmarking contributes to determining the best practices in different companies and to understanding the key factors promoting their success. To that end, the most significant achievements of others are introduced to the organization. Product benchmarking especially contributes to finding the most important factors for success in the supply market. This supports the elaboration of management decisions concerning implementing product policies and, thereby, stimulating the creation of the best product quality and increasing product value for the customers.
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Elena Stavrova
The Changes in the Banking Industry under the Influence of the Digitalization Process in the Conditions of Covid-19 Pandemic
Summary:
The market capitalization on the world banking market reached USD 7.2 trillion, and on the digital banking market - more than USD 800 trillion. The average annual growth of 4% has long been a stable source of income for banks. The development of digital consumer lending and payment systems is also attracting non-banking players, who are expanding their influence in institutional business, which makes the corporate banking market dynamic. The profound change brought about by the open and interconnected corporate banking ecosystem is taking place in conditions of extreme change, zero interest rates and a surplus of money supply. Although some areas of the financial markets are less exposed to these significant shocks, it is impossible to protect them from development in an open ecosystem. These changes may even be slower or less pronounced in some services, such as structured lending, large corporate payments, but technological developments are also taking place. Working with 'full vaults', emerging FinTech competitors, the COVID-19 pandemic and the slower-than-expected recovery of global supply chains are all challenges that banks need to address and are the subject of this study.
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Yordan Yordanov, Zhaneta Angelova
The Public Pension System in the Conditions of Covid-19 – Short-Term Effects and Long-Term Challenges
Summary:
The emergence and spread of Covid - 19 in late 2019 and early 2020 posed an unexpected challenge to the development and progress of modern society. A series of restrictions aimed at limiting the spread of the disease have had an adverse effect, both economically and socially. Overcoming the unfavourable consequences of the pandemic is becoming a priority for the development of modern society, engaging a significant amount of public resources and testing the mechanisms of social protection systems. The aim of this study is to highlight the short-term effects and long-term challenges facing the public pension system in pandemic and post-pandemic environments, as a basis for outlining the directions of its development and improvement.
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Boryana Ilieva Evlogieva
Order, Chaos, Control
Summary:
The accent is on the necessity to rethink the chaos as having considerable potential for the realization of unusual management practices. The crisis in the value system is a factor that causes disorder and the permanent values presume order. The article examines the relation between the social system and the natural environment, some management models in the aspect of the following categories: order, chaos, management, individualism and holism.
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Mina Kirova
The Operational Controlling System in the Insurance Company – Structure and Characteristics
Summary:
There are various understandings on the essence of controlling in literature.They could be generalized into two purposeful sides of the concept, namely: as a qualitatively new philosophy and as a management instrument of the business unit. In this expose these views are unified in one, in which the result-oriented management of the insurance company appears a way of thinking of the management team and at the same time the controlling assists the management by the necessary informationanalytical and methodical apparatus. Ultimately, the main idea of controlling is to ensure the accomplishment of insurer’s objectives by coordinating the realization of traditional managerial functions and providing, in due time, the information relevant for the managerial decision making.
The structure and organization of the controlling system is subordinate to the general theory of the system. Its development within the insurance company is accomplished on the basis of two supporting points: the first one is the personification and subjectivization of the links and interactions between the comprising elements of the system; the second is the technology of the implementation of the controlling presented as a process of consecutive actions of targeting, planning, reporting of expenses and operating results, the control and the information backup of the management team.
The characteristics of the operational controlling system are being displayed mainly upon the differentiation of the strategic from the operational controlling and are, at the same time, pre-determined by the necessity to reflect the specifics of the insurance activity. The latter determines the inclusion of the actuary’s technique and the insurance-technical analysis as elements of the controllership system, and the actuary-in-chief himself as a subject of controlling.
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Iliyan Dimitrov
A State of ERP Learning in Accounting Education in Bulgarian Universities
Summary:
In contemporary's conditions, there is an urgent need for a thorough learning of ERP systems and the provision of skills that are needful to student’s professional realization. Authors from different universities around the world have studied the state of ERP systems curricula and their educational and practical relevance in various aspects. There aren’t numerous publications that investigate the relationship between ERP systems and accounting education. The article aims to study the state of ERP learning in accounting education in Bulgarian universities to outline the development and improvement opportunities. The indispensability by ERP skills has been identified for modern accountants. Well-wishing suggestions have been made to update and expand the accounting students' education concerning ERP systems. An attempt has been made to determine the stage in ERP education maturity model in accounting majors in Bulgarian universities and some recommendations have been given.
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Spas Dimitrov
Theoretical Foundations of Logistics. 2. Methodology of Logistics
Summary:
Logistics is the science of management the flow of goods, energy, information and other resources like products, services, and people, from the source of production to the marketplace. The brief representation to the paradigm of the logistics is done. They are showed the science methods of the logistics and the concretely systems analysis. The main codes of behavior of the logistics are individualized. The point of the cardinal sites of the model in the logistics is stripped. The ELA introduced a set of Standards in logistics management, which form the foundation for the European Certification Board for Logistics (ECBL) to certify individuals who meet these Standards.
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Hrabrin Bashev
Governance Modes for Supply gf Agro-Ecosystem Services by Agricultural Farms in Bulgaria
Summary:
Despite growing environmental issues, and increasing public and private interests, scientific studies on the management of agroecosystem services are at the beginning stage. This article incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework, and identifies and assesses diverse private, market, collective and public modes of management of ecosystem services applied by the Bulgarian farms. The study has found out that farms of the country use a great variety of private, market, collective and public modes of governance of farm activity related to agroecosystem services. There is significant differentiation of employed managerial forms depending on the type of ecosystem services and specialization of agricultural holdings. Management of agroecosystem services is associated with a considerable increase in the production and transaction costs of participating farms as well as big socio-economic and environmental effects for holdings and other parties. Factors that mostly stimulate the activity of Bulgarian producers for protection of agro-ecosystems and their services are participation in public support programs, access to farmers' advice, professional training, available information and innovation, received direct subsidies, personal conviction and satisfaction, positive experience of others, long-term and immediate benefits for the farm, and integration with suppliers, buyers and processors. Suggested holistic framework for analysing the system of management of agro-ecosystem services is to be extended and improved, and widely and periodically applied in the future.
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Ivanka Daneva
Private Pensions - the Inevitable Alternative
Summary:
The paper deals with common cases of private pension systems, which play an important and growing role in the provision of retirement age.
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Stoyan Nalbantov
“Money Laundering” Phenomenon as a Threat to the Stability of the National Economy
Summary:
This article examines the nature, complexity and specific features of the term “money laundering” as an activity of legalization of illegally obtained funds and their presentation as coming from a legitimate economic activity. What are clarified are the stages through which the process of “dirty” money laundering (placement, layering and integration) passes using multiple operations and schemes of different types and complexity. Outlined are the negative consequences and effects from the integration of criminally acquired profits in the financial system and their impact on the economic, political and social life of the country.
