-
Atanas Atanasov
The Influence of Financial Misuses on the State of Bulgarian Capital Market, and some Possibilities for Counteraction
Summary:
In the article are examine economical preconditions for the beginning, the negative influence, the normative regulate of the essence and the opportunities for counteraction of financial misuses on capital market in our country. There are made analyze of the state on market environment, in which can to manifestation similar illegal acts and are show up some directions for impede realization of them.
In the article are outline the specialties and the scopes of preventive measures, the role, the place and importance of them for the national economics.
-
Plamen Pytev, Elena Marinova
The Link Between Credit Default Swaps and Stock Markets in Central and Eastern Europe
Summary:
Our study aims at testing whether there is long-run relationship between the CDS and stock markets in seven countries of Eastern Europe. First, we define specifics of the seven CEE stock markets and CDS spreads. We have found that they show different performance characteristics – stock markets present very different performance while the volatility has been very close. Next, we try to estimate the presence of co-integration among the stock markets on the one side and CDS spread on the other. The results show that both stock market indices and CDS spread are not stationary at levels but are stationary at first difference and they are first-order integrated I(1) for all countries. Next, we apply Granger causality test for short-run relationship and our results show for Russia and Poland that the index return is Granger causing the change in CDS spread, the variance in the CDS explained by the index is 40% and 31% respectively. In the case of Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, where the change in the CDS spread is Granger Causing change in stock market index, the variance in the index explained by the CDS spread is 36%, 11% and 27% respectively.
-
Metody Kanev
In the Focus - University Activity. Reference Point - the Market
Summary:
-
-
Vanya Grigorova
Genesis of Modern Marketing Networks
Summary:
In modern economic practice as a natural result of a number of public and market processes emerge groupings of organizations with a common strategic objective, referred to as "networks". This form is a phenomenon with a complex manifestation and it is studied by a number of theories relating to networks - field of economics, which is still developing. So the motives of this study are several: to track groups of factors (etymological, philosophical and economic) that lead to the emergence of networks to clarify their inherent characteristics, to reveal the specifics of their manifestation in the marketing field and in result to enrich modern marketing paradigm to be able to develop new scientific approaches to building and managing marketing networks in Bulgaria.
-
Silviya Panteleeva
Flexecurity of Bulgarian Labor Market
Summary:
In the contemporary social and economical conditions, in the European market environment there is a new conception, called “flexecurity”. It is connected with a combination of flexible employment and social security, security of the employment through flexibility of the work. Only with this approach is possible to work European labour market with equivalent positions of its agents, with important role of the social state in determination the problem for an optimal work of the labour market.
-
Yuliia Ishchuk
Drivers of Global Commodity Market Formation
Summary:
The research reviews structural changes taking place in the 21st century, which is an era of shifts in the world economy, occurring under the influence of scientific and technological revolution, specialization and cooperation of industrial production and contributing to qualitative changes in the field of globalization of commodity markets. These processes are imperfect and, due to many shortcomings, require further scientific research.
The purpose of the study is to determine the role of drivers of the global commodity market shaping.
The article investigated the essence of factors of the global commodity market formation and its components. Influence of trade liberalization on formation of global commodity market was determined; the development of information technologies in the field of communications, information processing, transport technologies, as well as vigorous action of multinational companies were analyzed.
-
Boryana Ilieva Evlogieva
Democracy - a Current Myth
Summary:
The present study is an attempt for a more critical look at the contemporary democracy, if it is reality at all. Public consciousness has built up its image on the ideas since the time of Aristotle up to present days. But the task is to have a look at and analyze the contemporary democracy from a more different position – this of the mythological thinking. The conclusion is that a huge discrepancy between the democracy as an idea, as a theory and the real organization and management of the society, is a fact. The idea has been developed and enriched since ancient times till nowadays, but is still far from its practical realization – something that turns it into a myth.
-
Stefan Simeonov, Teodor Todorov, Daniel Nikolaev
Determinants of Stock Exchange Activity in the Conditions of the Bulgarian Fund Market
Summary:
Popular scientific and practical researches on stock exchanges usually consider price indicators, especially stock indices, which essentially reflect economic expectations. Unlike those, the present study focuses on stock market activity, measured by the direct stock exchange indicators – stock exchange volume and stock exchange turnover. We have selected seventeen determinants of stock exchange activity, which are initially subject to correlation analysis together with the two indicators. Relatively weak dependencies on macro factors have been found as for the natural indicator (the stock exchange volume) and slightly stronger dependencies of the price indicator (the stock exchange turnover) have been established. The subsequent causality analysis, based on the Granger model, sheds light on some of the more significant determinants of stock exchange volume and turnover at the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. In the monthly surveys, the stock exchange volume factors are inflation in Bulgaria, silver and platinum price changes and, regarding stock exchange turnover, Leonia + interest rates and quotes in addition. In the quarterly observations, the amount of household deposits appears with impact that is more significant.
-
Violeta Dimitrova
Retail Enterprise Bargain Power
Summary:
The changes in the bargain power of traders are a result from the rising levels of concentration in the retail sector by increasing the area of physical outlets, the concentration of electronic stores and the establishment of retail chains, as well as by accelerating the processes of merging, buying-up, and implementing own brands. Subject of research is the bargain power of retailers at negotiations with suppliers. The concepts ‘market power’ and ‘bargain power’ of retailers as buyers are clarified. A review is made of the theory on the power of retailers within the chain of selling consumer goods. The study is on the changes in the concentration of retail trade in Bulgaria and the bargain power of the latter in negotiations, measured by the level of gross margins.
-
Ruslana Dimitrova
The Online Store – Features in Accounting and Tax Aspects of Activity
Summary:
This paper is an attempt, based on the nature and legal framework of the online store, to define the accounting and taxation issues of its business. For the purpose, the paper discusses the specificities of fiscal reporting of: a domain, a website and online store software products, delivery of goods and their release /signing out/, costs related to commercial activity, advertising, research and affiliate marketing costs, costs for claims and warranties, receipts from sales of goods and new techniques of sales – drop shipping, collective shopping, customers’ cash payments and through e-payment systems. Tax issues related to the online store Value Added Tax charging, tax registration, registration regimen and commercial activity requirements are also briefly systematized.
-
Penka Shishmanova
The Electronic Form of Distance Learning – a Modern Approach to Improve Vocational Training
Summary:
The rapid development of modern economies and the dynamic changes in the labour market require continuous updating of the skills of staff. This brings to the fore continuing vocational training as part of the concept of lifelong learning. The electronic form of distance learning is a viable opportunity for maintaining and improvement of the professional skills of staff. Its significance has been growing given the fact that it creates conditions for acquiring new knowledge and skills without discontinuing work and family commitments. As an example of good practice in this respect, we have presented the training in Operational Accounting at the CPT at the Academy of Economics - Svishtov.
-
Yavor Yankulov
Personal Selling: Element of IMC and Influence on Customer Satisfaction
Summary:
In the article on focus is the Personal Selling as an element of Integrated Marketing Communication. Derived are the benefits of the Personal Selling, mainly in comparison with Direct Marketing and Promotions. The specifics of the Personal Selling are being analyzed in terms of the communications mix. As far as they appear simultaneously an element of the Integrated Marketing Communications, but inherently they are kind of retail, and in its two manifestations they influence on the customers’ satisfaction. That’s why it’s important that we know the process of establishing the satisfaction, as well as its elements, on which the personal sales might have stronger influence. The satisfaction isn’t just the lack of disappointment, for that both should be independently explored and observed in practice. There are three main influential elements of the satisfaction – reversibility, status quo and valence; they are object of study as well.
-
Elka Tsoneva
Youth Unemployment in Bulgaria - Economic and Social Problems
Summary:
Unemployment in Bulgaria is becoming a significant scales being a general problem of the society. The so-called ”risk-groups” are particularly affected. Young are the significant group of people that are not in appropriate level on the labor market. The reasons for this condition are the education which does not conform to the needs of the labor market, the difficulties of starting the first job lower pay and searching for better realization abroad after graduation. Young people are social group which represents the near future of the society. They are the most valuable treasure because of their skills, capabilities and intellectual potential are worth for our country. Exactly for this reasons the country and its government social politic should play a main role in caring of this part of the society. General prerequisite for surviving of the society as an organization is the reproduction of the human recourse and so the change of generation themselves.
-
Asen Radev
Monetary Politics in the Conditions of Internationalization of Money, and the Adoption of the Electronic Money
Summary:
-
-
Plamen Yordanov, Valentin Milinov, Margarita Nikolova
Characteristics of the Investment Process in Managing Financial Resouces of Supplementary Pension Insurance Funds in Bulgaria
Summary:
The object of research is the functioning of the social insurance market in Bulgaria, and the subject – the investment process in managing financial resources of supplementary pension insurance funds. The expose examines the existing interdependencies between the market supply of social insurance protection and the investment component in the process of managing the formed accumulations; the regulatory framework is outlined and the main parameters of the investment process in managing financial resources of supplementary pension insurance funds in Bulgaria are presented; the structure of the investment portfolio in managing financial resources of the supplementary pension insurance funds in Bulgaria is studied. The question is raised about the search for a reasonable compromise between the risks and benefits of a possible liberalisation of the investment process in the management of financial resources of supplementary compulsory pension insurance funds in the context of the emerging competition with the Pan-European Personal Pension Product, which is gaining popularity and distribution.
-
Krassimira Kostadonova Naydenova
Evaluation of the Effects of Certain Regulatory Decisions for the Financial Market In Bulgaria
Summary:
The capital market in Bulgaria is not a working one and is not useful for the national economy. Despite the regulatory framework that meets the highest global standards, companies are unable to gather new capital and investors do not have access to quality Bulgarian financial assets. Securitization is presented only through the isolated segment of real estate investment trusts. The banking market is wide but concentrated in ownership and far from modern banking, and full integration with the European financial market remains unclear.
These weaknesses are result of ineffective government intervention, constitute a regulatory failure and have consequences - a capital market that fails to generate adequate investment opportunities for Bulgarian capital and to finance high value-added projects, bank concentration with all the negatives on depositors, borrowers and investors, unfulfilled financial integration with effects on the entire national financial system and ultimately, the colossal loss of national income.
-
Asen Angelov
Assessment of the Expected Impact of the Structural Funds according to the HERMIN Model applied on the Labor Market
Summary:
The current research is focused on the problem of the impact of the Structural funds on the labor market I Bulgaria. The special attention is given to the future impact on the market and resulted market situation, based on the solutions of the problem for achieving more precisions prognosis of the upper impact. The prognoses trends of the HERMIN model are defined as cyclical functions of the time for more accurate description of the labor market changes – employed people, the population under labor active age and the people in pension too.
-
Nadezhda Dimova
Pop-Up Shops - the New Trend in Retail
Summary:
New trends in retail impose new paradigms and new challenges not only on marketing activity but also on business successes of companies as a whole. Sometimes online sales are not enough to meet consumer needs. A new strategic approach lies in the creation of the pop up shops. They are new, interesting, evoke emotions, create consumers a sense of expressiveness and urgency of the purchase, and at the same time provide good profits to companies that risk creating them. Only the future will show how successful the combination of traditional retail and pop stores are.
-
Julia Nikolaevna Hristova Petkova
Consumer Evaluation of Competitiveness of Importers of New Cars in Bulgaria
Summary:
The competitiveness of the commercial business is a topical and important problem of modern society and economy. The ability of business organizations to seek and use best sources of competitive advantage, from external and internal environment determines their survival in a dynamic market environment. Due to lack of time and resources most companies do not conduct systematic market research and often make management decisions based on incomplete information, best practice or intuition. Meanwhile, the company's products are intended for the consumers and their perceptions are often subjective and irrational, that requires their study. The main aim of this article is to identify the sources of competitive advantages, which are based on consumer evaluation of competitive position of the enterprise.
-
Stefan Simeonov, Teodor Todorov, Daniel Nikolaev
Development of Frequency Analysis of the Volatility in a Model to Forecast the Financial Markets Trend and Comparative Empirical Assessment with the Technical Analysis
Summary:
The present study aims to develop the concept of predictive applicability of the Frequency Analysis of the Volatility and Trend (FAVT) as well as practical testing of the modified model for forecasting stock exchange indexes with different characteristics. For greater objectivity in estimating the forecast outcomes, FAVT is placed in parallel with traditional statistical models and the most popular method in stock exchange traders - technical analysis. In the first part of the study we develop the methodology of the concept of predictive applicability of FAVT in its modified version with movable calculation (FAVT-MC) of the frequency coefficients. The methodology of the study includes investment analysis measures, traditional statistical forecasting models, quantitative indicators of technical analysis and a modified version of the FAVT-MC. The conclusions of the statistical analysis show low applicability of linear forecasting in determining changes in the trend, while the alternative approach – non-linear forecasting yields significantly better results but under conditions of high investment activity and large variation. The choice of technical analysis tools is deliberately placed on quantitative measures known as technical indicators and does not include Eliot's Wave Theory. The results found are of varying reliability for the over ten technical indicators applied.
Exploration of the forecasting significance of the FAVT with movable calculation for the main (long-term) trends on stock exchange indexes achieved results with a reliable signal value for the end of the large growth before the general stock market collapse at the end of 2007. Clearly unambiguous results for all the periods surveyed in the performance of the different stock indices regarding the change of their major trends after the 2008 crisis were not established. A more significant importance of the modified frequency analysis, allowing the reading of forecast signals, is established for the short-term trends of the stock exchange indices.
-
William Barnett Ii, Walter E. Block
Scale of Values Violates Singularism
Summary:
There is at the very least a tension between two basic building blocs of Austrian economics. The doctrine of singularism maintains that choice is inevitably and necessarily between two and only two things: that which is chosen, and the next best alternative, which is set aside. However, implicit in the concept the scale of values is the claim that choice can take place over many, many alternatives. If one of these has to be jettisoned, and we argue that one must be, then we vote for the latter.
-
Vanya Hadjieva
Structuring of the National Organized Market
Summary:
The market is “the heart” of every economy, is a place where supply and demand meet and where exchange of goods is put into practice. The defining of concept (market) needs to be examined from many different angles which have to include the content of the market, different kind of markets and their characteristics. The object of this research is the market as a basic center for supply and demand – a place where exchange of goods is realizing.
-
Tsvetelina Nenkova
State and Trends in the Development of the Bulgarian Pension Market for 2007-2012
Summary:
The article examines the state of the pension market as a key element of private pension system in Bulgaria. The analysis focuses on: defining the degree of market concentration, reporting the results and financial performance of pension companies and the level of indicators characterizing the operation of the supplementary pension insurance. On this basis, following the main trends in the market for 2007-2012, some of the existing problems are outlined. At the same time some measures are suggested in order to overcome the problems in the future.
-
Georgi Dimitrov
The Mystery In The Origin Of Capitalism
Summary:
The paper explains the genesis of capitalism in a principally different way from that of sociological classics. The new European trans-continental trade is viewed as a mechanism, as a social-structural process of supra-personal order, operating systematically in the course of over three centuries and giving rise to capitalism as its own product. Market aided by Calvinisation of Christianity is accepted not only as a historical but also as „a logical beginning” of the modern type of societies.
-
Alexander Apostolov
Theoretical Foundations, Functioning, and Role of Financial Intermediation as a Factor for Economic Growth
Summary:
The study examines the theoretical relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth, focusing on the growing role of non-bank financial intermediation (NBFIs). In order to accomplish this, the main theoretical strands, thematically the most significant propositions, and empirical analyses of the interaction between the development of financial intermediation and economic growth, the structuring of the modern financial system, and the risks it faces, are critically reexamined. Efforts are focused on exploring the direction of the sector's implicit influence on economic growth and whether it can be reversed or is bidirectional. Does the combination of financial markets and investment intermediaries operating in an economy affect economic growth, and if so, in what ways? The study seeks to extend the dichotomous theoretical conceptualizations of financial structure as primarily banking while broadening the theoretical schema by incorporating the perspective of modern structuring, impact, and activities in the non-bank financial ecosystem.
-
Karim Naama
Private Property in Terms of the Thinker Ibn Khaldun (1331-1406)
Summary:
Form of ownership became a real important aspect of modern economic system, one of the most influential forces determining the further course of development of our planet. It affects all areas of public life, including economic, political, social, culture, ecology and others.
In the face of private ownership, some experts see a serious threat to the economic system and other means for the future progress of the global economy. The positive impact of private ownership is associated with the effect of competition to which it inevitably leads and negative effects - in potential conflict.
-
Desislava Koleva Stefanova
The Human Capital and its Significance for our Present
Summary:
The article describes basic economic theories examined through the prism of human capital and its development over the years.The significant role of the human factor for the modern world has been underlined. The educational level of labour markets is analysed through the used data from Eurostat. Major negative trends have been identified, related to the development of human capital in the educational, social and economic sectors. Measures and recommendations have been outlined to improve the knowledge and skills of the active labour force and its positive integration into the labour markets.
-
Ludwig Von Mises
Human Action - Part Four, Chapter XV. The Market
Summary:
The market economy is the social system of the division of labor under private ownership of the means of production. Everybody acts on his own behalf; but everybody's actions aim at the satisfaction of other people's needs as well as at the satisfaction of his own. Everybody in acting serves his fellow citizens. Everybody, on the other hand, is served by his fellow citizens. Everybody is both a means and an end in himself, an ultimate end for himself and a means to other people in their endeavors to attain their own ends.
-
Ludwig Von Mises
Human Action, Part Four, Chapter XXIII. The Data of the Market
Summary:
Catallactics, the theory of the market economy, is not a system of theorems valid only under ideal and unrealizable conditions and applicable to reality merely with essential restrictions and modifications. All the theorems of catallactics are rigidly and without any exception valid for all phenomena of the market economy, provided the particular conditions which they presuppose are present. It is, for instance, a simple question of fact whether there is direct or indirect exchange. But where there is indirect exchange, all the general laws of the theory of indirect exchange are valid with regard to the acts of exchange and the media of exchange. As has been pointed out1, praxeological knowledge is precise or exact knowledge of reality. All references to the epistemological issues of the natural sciences and all analogies derived from comparing these two radically different realms of reality and cognition are misleading. There is, apart from formal logic, no such thing as a set of "methodological" rules applicable both to cognition by means of the category of causality and to that by means of the category of finality.
-
Ludwig Von Mises
Human Action, Part Six, Chapter XXVII. The Government and the Market
Summary:
Private ownership of the means of production (market economy or capitalism) and public ownership of the means of production (socialism or communism or "planning") can be neatly distinguished. Each of these two systems of society's economic organization is open to a precise and unambiguous description and definition. They can never be confounded with one another; they cannot be mixed or combined; no gradual transition leads from one of them to the other; they are mutually incompatible.