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Hristo Dochev
Bulgaria - a Part of Fifth Enlargement of EU. The EU Constitution
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Emiliya Vacheva
Bulgarian Land and its Natural Resources – Late 12th Century – 14th Century
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The author of this article has made an attempt to reveal how the Bulgarian state and its natural resources have been described in West European sources of information during the period from the late 12th century to the 14th century. In order to achieve the aim of the article the West European sources of information published in Bulgaria have been analyzed and systematized, incl. chronicles, stories, travelogues, cosmographic maps, reports, maps, portolans, etc. They reveal the impressions and knowledge of western annalists and chroniclers on the borders of the Bulgarian state and its natural resources. They also show that Bulgarians and their land occupy a worthy place in the works of western authors.
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Nikola Zhivkov
Bulgarian Political Culture
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Through the fundamental theoretical understanding of political culture written by Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, we explain its essence, structural components and public mission. In this article, we are reviewing the creation and development of Bulgarian political culture throughout its history. This understanding is based on its social role - the political socialization of citizens and their beliefs. To solve this task, we defended the thesis of creating an active network for civil education and civil culture.
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Ivan Todorov, Alexander Alexandrov
Two Combined Approaches to Estimating Bulgaria’s Cyclical Position and Business Cycle Phase
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The cyclical position and the business cycle phase of Bulgaria have been estimated using two new approaches, which combine a production function and a Hodrick-Prescott filter. The results obtained following the two approaches are similar and close to the estimates of national, European and international financial institutions. Recommendations have been made on macroeconomic policy, which is consistent with the cyclical position and the business cycle phase.
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Christian Valchev
The Euro and its Introducing in Bulgaria - Prerequisites and Consequences
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Ninel Nesheva Kiosseva
Environmental Management and the Impact of Regulation in Bulgaria
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In placing increased emphasis on good environmental management, the Bulgaria government began providing resources on environmental management, such as guidance documents, case studies, and benchmarking studies. It also motivates businesses to understand the full spectrum of environmental costs and incorporate these costs into decision-making. Some of the difficulties are non-uniform definitions and non-uniform executions, and lack of comparable information. The report discusses the needs for good quality information to be available to both managers and society before further advances can be made.
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Hrabrin Bashev
Why and How to Evaluate the "New" Governance Sustainability of Agriculture
Summary:
In Bulgaria, like in many other countries, there is practicaly no studies on the governance sustainability of agriculture and its importance for overall agricultural development. This study tries to fill the gap and suggesrs a holistic framework for understanding and assessing the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. The new approach is “tested” in a large-scale study to assess the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture at national, sectoral, regional, ecosystem and farm levels.
It is proved that it is important to include the "missing" Governance Pillar in the assessment of the integral sustainability of agriculture and the sustainability of agricultural systems of different types. The multi-principal, multi-criteria and multi-indicator assessment of the governance sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture found out that the overall sustainability is at a “good” but close to the “satisfactory” level. In addition, there is a significant differentiation of the levels of integral governance sustainability of the different types of agro-systems in the country. Moreover, the individual indicators with the highest and lowest sustainability values determine the “critical” factors enhancing and deteriorating the particular and integral governance sustainability of the evaluated agro-system.
Given the importance of holistic assessments of this type for improving agricultural sustainability in general, and the governance sustainability of agriculture in particular, they should be expanded and their accuracy and representativeness improved. The later requires increasing precision by increasing the surveyed farms and stakeholders, and using more "objective" data from surveys, statistics, professional experts in the field, etc.
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Julian Vassilev
A Research on Demographic Changes within Bulgaria in Regard to European Trends
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The purpose of this study is a research on demographic trends in Bulgaria with a view to finding places which may disappear from Bulgaria’s map and formulating economic polices of the country. The study gives an account of the influence of a set of factors influencing ageing and depopulation processes. Three contribution points may be marked. Firstly, a database structure is defined, allowing the use of census data for other researchers. Secondly, a technology is developed for converting census data into the created database. Thirdly, the study provides an approach for implementing regional demographic analysis.
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Nikolay Nenovsky, Giovani Pavanelli, Kalina Dimitrova
Exchange Rate Control in Italy and Bulgaria in the Interwar Period. History and Perspectives
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The history of the exchange control in Europe in the interwar period provides us with interesting insights of the current development of the European monetary union and of the perspectives of its enlargement, where the exchange rate and monetary regime have a central role. Like in the past, in a different historical context and in different forms of course, Europe today could be also divided into centre, semi-periphery and periphery or, in other words, groups of countries at different stages of economic development. Therefore, we find it challenging to compare the evolution of exchange control (an exchange rate regime) in two countries which were of course characterized by different economic conditions - Italy being a representative of the semi-periphery and Bulgaria of the peripheral and, at that time, underdeveloped Balkans − but which, as a matter of fact, were both external to the financial and industrial core of Europe.
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Iskren Tairov
Mobile Commerce and its Problems
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Mobile technologies bring sufficient benefits to business, which can be realized only if companies succeed to use them effectively. The present paper describes mobile technologies and their evolution as a premise for mobile commerce development in detail.
Object of study of this paper is mobile commerce in developed countries and in Bulgaria. The paper is focused on mobile commerce problems. The purpose of the paper is to recommend directions in solving mobile commerce issues on security.
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Nikolay Kacharnazov
The Model IS-LM as a Research Method for Economic Fluctuations of Bulgarian Economy
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The IS/LM model was born at the Econometric Conference held in Oxford during September, 1936. Roy Harrod, John R. Hicks, and James Meade all presented papers describing mathematical models attempting to summarize John Maynard Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money. Hicks, who had seen a draft of Harrod's paper, invented the IS/LM model. He later presented it in "Mr.Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation" (Econometrica, April 1937). Hicks later agreed that the model missed important points from the Keynesian theory. The problem was that it presents the real and monetary sectors as separate, something Keynes attempted to transcend. In addition, an equilibrium model ignores uncertainty. A shift in the IS or LM curve will cause change in expectations, causing the other curve to shift. Hicks therefore created a new Hicks-Hansen IS-LM Model to resolve some of the problems. Most modern macroeconomists see the IS/LM model as being at best a first approximation for understanding the real world. Although the model is generally not taught at the graduate level, a few graduate programs (UNC Greensboro, Auburn University, Florida State, and West Virginia University) continue to use it as part of the macroeconomics curriculum. It is also still the dominant paradigm in undergraduate macroeconomics textbooks, although many dynamists would insist that it is past its prime even in an undergraduate context.
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Rashko Ivanov
The National Economy down the Ages of Socialism (1949-1989)
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During the 80's the communism goes into deep crisis. Socialist engineering faces undecidable problems.
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Ventsislav Vezirov
German Literature in the Curriculum Of Bulgarian Schools
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The paper discusses the curriculum in teaching literature from Bulgarian Renaissance to the beginning of the 21st century. It traces the various stages of the inclusion of works of German authors in Bulgarian schools. In the early 20th century bad translations were used, which were without artistic value, made through an intermediary language - Russian. In the study of texts there was lexical and stylistic analysis, from which students acquire a radically different understanding of the style of the author, since the translation has no connection to the original. The proposed review introduces us to a paradox. When in Bulgarian education there were not enough translations, and the existing were too spoiled, German authors were presented better in the Bulgarian school, and now - after having created a truly unique significant translations from German writers, poets and philosophers - none of them is accessible to our students.
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Georgi Tihomirov Lichev
Study of the Behaviour of Bulgarian Costumers in the Purchase of Sugar and Chocolate Products
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The activation of the scientific interest in the field of consumer behaviour is dictated by the immediate practical necessity on the contemporary stage. This article focuses on studying the behaviour of Bulgarian consumers in relation to the product group "sugar and chocolate products". This is based on an empirical survey conducted on consumers in Bulgaria. The effort to gain insight into the depth of consumer motivation and to work to increase satisfaction is well-founded, coupled with the gaining of competitive advantages. The complex situation of the consumer market is a prerequisite for many controversies, difficulties, challenges to which commercial enterprises should take a responsible attitude.
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Yordan Vasilev
Transformation Processes and Economic Priorities of Bulgaria
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Mariana Drumeva
Salt Trade of Tsvyatko Radoslavov and his Company in the 50s – 70s Of The 19th Century
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In this article the trade with rock and sea salt of one of the biggest sales companies established in the town of Svishtov in the 50s of the 19th century in the region of Vlashko has been traced. The available quantitative data available in Tsvyatko Radoslavov’s unpublished archive have been processed by outlining daily business practices in this trade and the scope of the company’s activities as well as defining the company’s profitability. Different periods of the company’s activity have been outlined, as well as the trading network of the imported salt from Romanian cities and the sale of salt in Svishtov and in the North of Bulgaria. This article is a contribution to the studying of different specific mechanisms of the trade and the justification of the thesis that Svishtov has been one of the main centres of salt trade on the southern Danube bank during the period of the Bulgarian National Revival.
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Mariana Drumeva
Trade Knowledge and Commercial Practices in the Town of Svishtov During the National Revival Period
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The article examines the prevalence of knowledge in the field of trading in the town of Svishtov during the Bulgarian Revival in the form of books containing knowledge in trading; handbooks specialized in commercial and legal matters and double-entry bookkeeping (diplography) and the inclusion of disciplines such as commerce and accounting in the curricula of schools. Attention is paid to the first commercial school in Bulgarian lands founded by D. Em. Shishmanov in 1873. Improvement of trading methods and practices of Svishtov merchants influenced by the progress in education have been viewed in this paper.It has been concluded that interconnection and interdependence of education and practice in trading is an important factor for the economic prosperity of the town of Svishtov during the Bulgarian Revival period.
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Hrabrin Bashev
Governance Modes for Supply gf Agro-Ecosystem Services by Agricultural Farms in Bulgaria
Summary:
Despite growing environmental issues, and increasing public and private interests, scientific studies on the management of agroecosystem services are at the beginning stage. This article incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework, and identifies and assesses diverse private, market, collective and public modes of management of ecosystem services applied by the Bulgarian farms. The study has found out that farms of the country use a great variety of private, market, collective and public modes of governance of farm activity related to agroecosystem services. There is significant differentiation of employed managerial forms depending on the type of ecosystem services and specialization of agricultural holdings. Management of agroecosystem services is associated with a considerable increase in the production and transaction costs of participating farms as well as big socio-economic and environmental effects for holdings and other parties. Factors that mostly stimulate the activity of Bulgarian producers for protection of agro-ecosystems and their services are participation in public support programs, access to farmers' advice, professional training, available information and innovation, received direct subsidies, personal conviction and satisfaction, positive experience of others, long-term and immediate benefits for the farm, and integration with suppliers, buyers and processors. Suggested holistic framework for analysing the system of management of agro-ecosystem services is to be extended and improved, and widely and periodically applied in the future.
