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Kiril Luchkov
Àccents of Annual Accounting Closure in Non-Financial Enterprises
Summary:
In the present research we are focusing our attention on some principled and procedural questions about the annual accounting closure in non-financial enterprises applying IAS/IFRS as a reporting base related to preparation and presentation of the annual financial statement. Without claims of exhaustion, the main stages of annual accounting closure are analysed in chronological order, the duration of which depends on specific features of the enterprise itself and the organisation of the accounting process. Emphasis is placed on the inventory of the assets and liabilities whose purpose guarantees the informational authencity which is announced in the annual financial statement.
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Ventsislav Perkov
Barriers in Implementing Reverse Logistics in Bulgaria
Summary:
The present paper attempts to identify the main barriers in implementing reverse logistics in Bulgarian manufacturing and commercial enterprises. After the theoretical literature review, nine barriers are displayed. Based on a survey, the barriers are ranked according to respondents’ opinions. Barriers in implementing reverse logistics and the degree of importance of its implementation in enterprises are submitted by means of two-dimensional distribution. The next stage of analysis is connected with the study of relationship and direction of influence among the variables. The results show that the reverse logistics is essential for the implementation of more environmentally friendly manufacturing and trade but barriers are relatively irresistible. The reasons for this have their roots in the government policy and non-engagement of managers to problems that can be solved through reverse logistics.
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Valentina Bineva
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Military Conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Presented in Application of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16
Summary:
The aim of this study is to perform a summary analysis of the impact of the Covid – 19 pandemics and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, in application of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 – Leases, which is part of a more extensive detailed study of the effect of these extremely significant events on the information in the public reports of a group of tourist enterprises in Bulgaria
The study goes through a commentary on the initial implementation of the standards (first-year implementation) and arrives at a discussion on the changes in their content and manner of implementation that occurred as a result of the above two major events
The analysis shows that the changes as a result of the economic shocks for the world and for Bulgaria as well, as a result of these two exceptional events in their nature and impact, significantly change the picture of the functioning and survival of economic entities in such a stressful environment. The tourism industry is undoubtedly going through a significant challenge trying to survive in such an unfavorable atmosphere.
The development and adaptation of the standards from 2017 (the year before their introduction) to the present moment (the end of 2022) was observed and analyzed in order to get an adequate idea of the effects of the implementation, amendment and addition of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16, in relation to the Covid – 19 pandemic and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
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Galina Chipriyanova, Niya Marinova
The Role and Significance of Internal Audit in Energy Sector Ånterprises
Summary:
The internal audit in enterprises within the “Energy” sector, where the Bulgarian state is the principal, is an essential mechanism for ensuring transparency, accountability and efficiency in the management of state resources. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of internal control systems and provide an overview of audit activities, results and recommendations for improvement. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are addressed: 1) examining the scope and significance of internal audit in enterprises within the “Energy” sector, 2) analyzing the strategic and annual audit plans, developed based on risk assessment and the priorities of these enterprises; 3) attempting to identify the audit universe, including defining and classifying all areas subject to audit; 4) paying particular attention to the audit strategy (the approach to conducting audit activities) and the distribution of audit personnel in the context of optimal allocation of audit resources. The research defends the thesis that internal audit supports the sustainable development and efficiency of the energy sector by strengthening public trust in institutions and ensuring the good management of public resources.
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Ivaylo Stoyanov
Indicators to Managing High Tech Enterprises
Summary:
In the crisis circumstances, technological enterprises can win if they change the way to make successful business. Therefore we think that they give a new meaning the rules for sustainable development. The fetch must be concentrates not only the customers needs. That is one of the possibilities for successful business. Because they change repeatedly their needs, the organizations not always be react in time. In this point of view high tech enterprises must be recognize the indicators that influence for successful management.
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Tatyana D. Odinokova, Jelena Lukjanova, Valentina Djakona
Innovative Activity of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as a Factor of Economic Growth
Summary:
The article focuses on the innovative activity of small and medium-sized enterprises and on their role in the economy of Latvia. Despite the economic growth, which has been observed in the national economy during recent years, the innovative activity of most enterprises remains rather low. The transformation of the Latvian economy in the context of modernization implies the increase in its competitiveness on the European and global markets and therefore leads to the increase of the role of SMEs.
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Rositsa Simeonova
New Aspects of Accounting Legislation
Summary:
Accounting is an information system, which only creates information regarding the financial position, the efficiency of operations, the changes in the financial position and the cash flows of enterprises. All this suggests certain requirements for its operation and the information it creates. They are codified in the existing accounting legislation – the Accountancy Act and the applicable accounting standards. Some changes have occurred due to the influence of various factors in the accounting regulations. In recent years, the reasons for this have been related to some changes in the basic EU acts that regulate the relations in the field of accounting.
A new Accountancy Act and National Accounting Standards (NAS) amended and supplemented have been in force since the beginning of 2016. The standards set out in these regulations have led to changes in the implementation of accounting as a practical activity.
This paper highlights both the new aspects of accounting legislation and those that give rise to certain inconsistencies in interpreting them and potential problems in applying them. This is done sequentially – first regarding the Accountancy Act, and then regarding the amendments and supplements to the National Accounting Standards. Some of the arguments can be taken into account when these regulations are further updated.
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Stanislava Pancheva
Accounting–information Problems Connected with Using of Non-current Assets in Non-profit Organizations
Summary:
In the scientific research, the nature of assets in the enterprises with non-profit goal is explored. On this base is suggested a definition for the assets together with some indications for accounting purposes. The criteria are differentiate, both for admitting the assets and the models of their valuation. Some problems connected with reporting of assets with public meaning and no-current assets without public meaning are outlined. Some guidelines for the resolving of these problems are shown. The position of the assets in the structural section of the annual report is determined. The information links between them are taken out.
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Atanas Atanasov, Galina Chipriyanova, Desislava Aleksandrova
Challenges in the Development of the Accounting Information System of Public Enterprises Listed on the BSE
Summary:
The significance of the accounting system of public enterprises listed on the BSE, in its entirety, is of fundamental importance for the economic and financial development of the country. It plays a key role in the management of these enterprises, their relationships with investors and society, as well as in risk management and compliance with regulatory requirements. This study aims to identify the specific characteristics of accounting for enterprises of public interest. The following tasks are addressed in the paper: 1) the requirements for accountability and transparency in the context of improving their accounting practices are examined; 2) special attention is paid to ethics within the functioning of the accounting information system (AIS) in the management of the enterprise of public interest; 3) a review of the reporting of enterprises in relation to sustainability is carried out. The thesis defended in the paper is that an effective and efficient accounting system contributes to the sustainability and success of public enterprises and enhances trust in the investment environment of the country.
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Elena Aleksandrova
Transfer of a Sole Trader Proprietorship through Transaction – Commercial and Tax Aspects
Summary:
This report provides an analysis of the legal framework of the transfer of a sole trader proprietorship through the deal. Discussed are some controversial issues related to the transfer of public duties in this type of transaction, as well as liability to the transferor. This paper examines the taxation of transactions with a sole trader discussed are cases in which it may be tax evasion. There have been suggestions for improvement and change in legislation concerning the taxation of income of the sole proprietor of transferring his business.
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Georgi Tihomirov Lichev
Study of the Behaviour of Bulgarian Costumers in the Purchase of Sugar and Chocolate Products
Summary:
The activation of the scientific interest in the field of consumer behaviour is dictated by the immediate practical necessity on the contemporary stage. This article focuses on studying the behaviour of Bulgarian consumers in relation to the product group "sugar and chocolate products". This is based on an empirical survey conducted on consumers in Bulgaria. The effort to gain insight into the depth of consumer motivation and to work to increase satisfaction is well-founded, coupled with the gaining of competitive advantages. The complex situation of the consumer market is a prerequisite for many controversies, difficulties, challenges to which commercial enterprises should take a responsible attitude.
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Nina Suhovich
The Role of Small and Medium Enterprise in the Development of Moldavian Economy
Summary:
Orientation of the Republic of Moldova's European integration, the signing of the Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation between Moldova and the European Union and Action Plan led to new requirements for the organization of manufacturing. In circumstances where it is necessary to increase production, which is very important for Moldova, a small business is particularly important.
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Walter E. Block
Free Enterprise and Poverty: Cause or Cure?
Summary:
Poverty in general is created by governmental mismanagement. The solution to the problem is the free enterprise system. Markets reduce poverty by promoting incentives and rational economic activity. Governments exacerbate it by attacking private property, regulating business, and through taxation. The problem of black poverty stems mainly from the breakup, nay, the failure to form, of the black family. This, in turn, is traced to governmental welfare programs.
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Galina Chipriyanova
Specific Aspects of the Inventory of Assets in the Enterprises with Agricultural Activities
Summary:
Basic requirement in the activity of the agricultural enterprises is to present a true and fair financial and property status, accounted financial results and changes in cash flows. In the stage of preparation for the annual accounting closure most important precondition for this is to perform an annual inventory of assets, equity and liabilities. In the current research we will focus our attention on the inventory of assets in the agricultural enterprises.
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Yordan Vasilev
Is the Problems of Financing and Crediting of the Small and the Medium Business will Remain after our Incorporation in EU?
Summary:
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