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Yordan Yordanov
Opportunities for Improving Social Policy on Energy Poverty in Bulgaria in the Context of the Transition to a Green Economy
Summary:
Energy poverty is one of the significant contemporary challenges, and its containment and control policies are one of the main objectives of the European community on its path to a green economy. More than 96 million Europeans are at risk of poverty and social exclusion, while 57 million cannot heat their homes in winter. Bulgaria is the country with the highest share of the poor and at risk of poverty, including energy-dependent households, which is also confirmed by the values of the Energy Poverty Index, by which our country has the worst indicators among EU Member States.
This development draws attention to the specificities of energy poverty, seen against the background of a generally accepted understanding of social poverty, the possibilities of changing the model for determining the range of energy poor persons and households in Bulgaria and the removal of a set of proposals to limit and control energy poverty, building on passive targeted energy support for heating and perceived as a direction for the development and improvement of social policy in the field of social assistance in Bulgaria.
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Fouad Shehab
Globalization and the Impoverishment of the Third World
Summary:
This paper traces the historical development of globalization as a process and analyzes the economic and political impact of globalization on poor countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The paper discusses the role of the United States of America in driving and leading the globalization process and directing it in a way that enhances American's own interests at the expense of the great majority of world population. The paper attempts to show that globalization is an imposed process on other countries by different means, including economic, political and in certain instances military intervention. In short, the paper attempts to prove that globalization is, in fact, an imperialist process that works against the long-term interests of 80% of world population.
In this respect, it is based on unequal development that resulted in a new world order, whereby one-fifth of world population controls 80% of world natural and industrial resources.
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Valeri Apostolov
Economic and Social Aspects in Implementation of Safety and Health Conditions of Work Legislation
Summary:
This article reveals current trends in practical implementation of health and safety legislation, focusing on working time patterns and work organization. Using the National Profile for Occupational Safety and Health, developed in 2019, the article makes conclusions about the most common patterns of working time and organization of work in enterprises in the Bulgarian economy and measures the influence of patterns identified upon possibility to create health and safety at work. The analysis made identifies alarming trends requiring immediate addressing, such as working 50 hours per week, 6 and 7 days work, overloading of persons with certain professional qualifications, low efficiency and poor organization of the working processes.
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Zhaneta Angelova
Approaches and Practice in Determining the Social Security Contribution to Public Social Insurance
Summary:
The social security contribution is a key element of the mechanism of functioning of public social insurance and it has decisive importance with regard to its financial organisation. It is the main and typical source of income of any insurance system. The social security contribution is defined as a percentage of the received labour income and represents a general average value, corresponding to the average risk for the pool and it is due only for income from personal labour activity, with regularity and periodicity arising from the regularity and periodicity of the received personal job income. The aim of the paper is to outline the guidelines for development and improvement of the organisation of the social security contribution in the public social insurance in Bulgaria, taking into account the approaches and the practice of determining the social insurance contributions in some EU countries.
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Kalina Kavaldzhieva
Cost of Electricity Produced from Waste Processing as a Prerequisite for Social Pricing
Summary:
In a period of energy crisis, deriving the cost of electricity is a significant problem. It appears as a significant contemporary challenge, and policies to control and limit it are the main priority of the European community on its way to a green economy. Depending on the tariff/price of electricity, which directly depends on its cost price, it is determined how much the population could afford to pay for their consumed electricity. Over 96 million Europeans are at risk of poverty and social exclusion. A population that would not be able to heat their homes in winter is about 57 million. Bulgaria is the country with the highest share of the poor and at risk of poverty, including energy-dependent households, which is also confirmed by the values of the Energy Poverty Index, according to which our country has the worst indicators among the member states of EU.
The current development draws attention to the specific features of waste-based electricity calculation. Method of pricing and formation of a sustainable model for formation of tariffs. The synergistic effect from waste processing to energy production is derived. Taxes paid and additional revenues from waste processing could positively affect the price of energy obtained from waste, i.e. to reduce cost and offset costs. This phenomenon can be used as a guideline for the development and improvement of social policy in the field of social tolerance and social support of the population in Bulgaria.
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Nikolay Markov
State and Perspectives of the Situation Heritage in the Republic of Ukraine
Summary:
The situation and prospects for the development of meat-bearing cattle in Ukraine have been discussed. The survey was conducted over the period 2012-2015. Facilities were farms, business organizations, cooperatives and state institutions involved in meat-breeding cattle in the Republic of Ukraine.
There are historical, natural-climatic, fodder and economic prerequisites for the development of meat-bearing cattle breeding in the Republic of Ukraine. An existing gene pool of local breeds (Ukrainian, Volyn, Poles and Southern meats) and imported breeds (Aberdin Anguis, Simeanal, Sharole and Limosin) are observed. The technology and organization of meat-based cattle breeding in the conditions of intensive agriculture in all nature-climatic zones and administrative regions is mainly worked out, analyzed and utilized.