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Ninel Nesheva Kiosseva
Environmental Management and the Impact of Regulation in Bulgaria
Summary:
In placing increased emphasis on good environmental management, the Bulgaria government began providing resources on environmental management, such as guidance documents, case studies, and benchmarking studies. It also motivates businesses to understand the full spectrum of environmental costs and incorporate these costs into decision-making. Some of the difficulties are non-uniform definitions and non-uniform executions, and lack of comparable information. The report discusses the needs for good quality information to be available to both managers and society before further advances can be made.
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Yordan Tomov, Silviya Kostova
The Place of Standardization in Auditing
Summary:
Audit is a specific form of control, which has its own distinctive features. One of them is the ability to standardize the audit process.
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Silviya Kostova
Audit Procedures in Accounting Estimates and Tax Effects in Financial Statements
Summary:
Executives in enterprises make judgments in a number of cases when giving accounting estimates. In order not to mislead information users, those judgments must be reasonable and consistent with circumstances. As a result of the uncertainties inherent to operating activities, a lot of entries in financial statements cannot be assessed precisely but can only be given a rough estimate. The latter is based on the reliable information available. Conducted audit procedures are therefore essential in order to express an opinion as to the reliability of executives’ judgments. This paper aims to define the major dependencies between accounting estimates and requirements related to auditors’ professional judgment. The focus of research is on reducing information asymmetries in reporting accounting estimates and their tax treatment.
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Diyana Ivanova
Problems in the Structuring and Building the Administrative Capacity of the Internal Audit in the Public Sector in Bulgaria
Summary:
Within the framework of the present study, the attention is focused on the financial management and control of public funds and activities, and, in particular, on the problems in the structuring and building the administrative capacity of the internal audit in the public sector organizations in Bulgaria. Based on relevant information presented in the Consolidated Annual Reports on Internal Control in the Public Sector in the Republic of Bulgaria of the Ministry of Finance, existing problems in this aspect of the contemporary internal audit and opportunities for overcoming them are examined.
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Pepa Stoykova
Fakes as Objects of Tax Control
Summary:
Counterfeits are those results from an act or omission that is false, fraudulent or forged like the existing product. They contain foreign traits (characteristics) that create the illusion of a quality product at a higher cost or price, respectively.
Counterfeits are of interest for tax control due to the fact that they generate profit. Tax control shall be established reality of profit, which serves as the basis for the calculation of tax liabilities, and the opportunities for manipulation of revenue and expenditure variables.
Due to the wide variety of fakes, in this article false documents created in relation to counterfeit goods will be highlighted. Types of document crimes have been structured and their number compared (including sanctioned offenders) with the counterfeit goods and accompanying forged documents.