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  Human Action, Part Four, Chapter XVII. Action in the Passing of Time, && 5-9

  Capital goods are intermediary steps on the way toward a definite goal. If in the course of the period of production the goal is changed, it is not always possible to use the intermediary products already available for the pursuit of the new goal. Some of the capital goods may become absolutely useless, and all expenditure made in their production ... Capital goods are intermediary steps on the way toward a definite goal. If in the course of the period of production the goal is changed, it is not always possible to use the intermediary products already available for the pursuit of the new goal. Some of the capital goods may become absolutely useless, and all expenditure made in their production appears now as waste. Other capital goods could be utilized for the new project but only after having been subjected to a process of adjustment; it would have been possible to spare the costs required by this alteration if one had from the start aimed at the new goal. A third group of capital goods can be employed for the new process without any alteration; but if it had been known at the time they were produced that they would be used in the new way, it would have been possible to manufacture at smaller cost other goods which could render the same service. Finally there are also capital goods which can be employed for the new project just as well as for the original one.

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  Survival Crisis and Evaluation of its Depth

  The present report takes the view of the business organizations’ natural evolution. The report scrutinizes crises as a necessary challenge, an inevitable companion and a motive force of this evolution. Along with some fundamental methodological approaches to that understanding, a general characterization of the evaluation methods for threats to ... The present report takes the view of the business organizations’ natural evolution. The report scrutinizes crises as a necessary challenge, an inevitable companion and a motive force of this evolution. Along with some fundamental methodological approaches to that understanding, a general characterization of the evaluation methods for threats to the organization is propounded in the report. Such methods are considered as a key point for revealing the extent of contradiction between organization and its surroundings, which contradiction causes any type of crisis.

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  Secession

  Secession, political disassociation, can be justified on libertarian grounds, particularly on the basis of the law of free association. We make this case, and then consider objections to this thesis. We conclude with the claim that the war that occurred in the U.S. between 1861 was not a “civil war,” but rather a war of northern aggression.... Secession, political disassociation, can be justified on libertarian grounds, particularly on the basis of the law of free association. We make this case, and then consider objections to this thesis. We conclude with the claim that the war that occurred in the U.S. between 1861 was not a “civil war,” but rather a war of northern aggression.