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Valentina Bineva
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Military Conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Presented in Application of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16
Summary:
The aim of this study is to perform a summary analysis of the impact of the Covid – 19 pandemics and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, in application of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 – Leases, which is part of a more extensive detailed study of the effect of these extremely significant events on the information in the public reports of a group of tourist enterprises in Bulgaria
The study goes through a commentary on the initial implementation of the standards (first-year implementation) and arrives at a discussion on the changes in their content and manner of implementation that occurred as a result of the above two major events
The analysis shows that the changes as a result of the economic shocks for the world and for Bulgaria as well, as a result of these two exceptional events in their nature and impact, significantly change the picture of the functioning and survival of economic entities in such a stressful environment. The tourism industry is undoubtedly going through a significant challenge trying to survive in such an unfavorable atmosphere.
The development and adaptation of the standards from 2017 (the year before their introduction) to the present moment (the end of 2022) was observed and analyzed in order to get an adequate idea of the effects of the implementation, amendment and addition of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16, in relation to the Covid – 19 pandemic and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine.
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Valentin Milinov
On the Characteristics and Evolution of Monetary Policy
Summary:
The study investigates the problems related to monetary policy within the process of its evolution and according to the development of the monetary policy theories and the stages of development of the economy and the monetary systems. The paper reviews the various levels of implementation of monetary policies and the possibilities for its influencing the economic process. The influence is effected through direct and indirect tools used by the national banks. For this end the banks set certain operative (short-term), interim, and final (long-term) objectives, the most important factor being the choice of adequate strategy of the monetary policy, i.e. the choice of „nominal anchor”. In this respect the study focuses on monetary targeting, inflation targeting, and currency exchange rate targeting. The experience of other countries is especially valuable for Bulgaria in the process of the country’s accession to the European Monetary Union. The study comes to the conclusion that in this respect the most important question is how the currency board shall be abandoned: (1) whether it must be preserved until the country’s accession to the European Monetary Union or (2) the peg of the Bulgarian lev to the Euro should be abandoned prior to the accession to the European Monetary Union.
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Nataliya Marinova
Information Society in European Union and Bulgaria – Situation and Trends in Information and Communication Technologies Usage
Summary:
The European Union has long recognized the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) as key factor to greater competitiveness and integration of business organizations of the continent into the global economy. Currently, the transition to the Information Society has no alternative. Matter of national choice of each Member State, including Bulgaria, is not whether to build such, but manner and forms of its realization. Development of Information Society is a cross-border and transnational process in which individual countries implement their national policies.
The theme of this paper is to investigate legislation, condition and trends in European Information Society. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of indicators characterizing the Information Society in Europe as a whole and Bulgaria in particular. An empirical data from the websites of Eurostat, National Statistical Institute and the survey with the participation of the author are used for achieving the objective.
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Alexander Chumakov
The Conflict and the Possibility of Dialogue in the Modern World
Summary:
 ñòàòüå ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ïðîáëåìà ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ êîíôëèêòîâ â óñëîâèÿõ íàðàñòàþùåé ãëîáàëüíîé âçàèìîçàâèñèìîñòè è ñïîñîáîâ èõ ïðåîäîëåíèÿ. Ïîä÷åðêèâàåòñÿ, ÷òî â îñíîâå ñîâðåìåííûõ îáùåñòâåííûõ ïðîòèâîðå÷èé ëåæèò êóëüòóðíàÿ äèôôåðåíöèàöèÿ è íåäîñòàòî÷íûé óðîâåíü öèâèëèçàöèîííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ, êàê îòäåëüíûõ èíäèâèäîâ, òàê è âñåâîçìîæíûõ ñîöèóìîâ. Íàèëó÷øèì ñïîñîáîì ðåøåíèÿ êîíôëèêòîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ äèàëîã, êîòîðûé ìîæåò ñòàòü îñíîâíûì ñðåäñòâîì îáùåíèÿ ëþäåé, åñëè íà ìåñòî âëàñòè ñèëû, ïðèäåò ñèëà äóõà, ÷òî ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèé óðîâåíü öèâèëèçîâàííîñòè, ðàçâèòèÿ òîëåðàíòíîñòè è êóëüòóðû â öåëîì.
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Ludwig Von Mises
Human Action, Part Four, Chapter XXIV. Harmony and Conflict of Interests
Summary:
The changes in the data whose reiterated emergence prevents the economic system from turning into an evenly rotating economy and produces again and again entrepreneurial profit and loss are favorable to some members of society and unfavorable to others. Hence, people concluded, the gain of one man is the damage of another; no man profits but by the loss of others. This dogma was already advanced by some ancient authors. Among modern writers Montaigne was the first to restate it; we may fairly call it the Montaigne dogma. It was the quintessence of the doctrines of Mercantilism, old and new. It is at the bottom of all modern doctrines teaching that there prevails, within the frame of the market economy, an irreconcilable conflict among the interests of various social classes within a nation and furthermore between the interests of any nation and those of all other nations.