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  Artificial Intelligence and Gendered Labor Division: Institutional Perspectives

  The research assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the gender structure of the labor market through a comparative political economy analysis of Bulgaria, Romania, Germany, and India. Using indices of employment vulnerability to AI-driven automation, it analyzes the extent to which women’s labor market participation is susceptible ... The research assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the gender structure of the labor market through a comparative political economy analysis of Bulgaria, Romania, Germany, and India. Using indices of employment vulnerability to AI-driven automation, it analyzes the extent to which women’s labor market participation is susceptible to automation and structural transformations induced by AI technologies. In Bulgaria, women are predominantly concentrated in sectors with a high degree of automation susceptibility - particularly in administrative, clerical, and retail occupations - placing them at a disadvantage due to the potential substitutability of their tasks by AI-based systems. Higher-income women exhibit greater labor mobility toward occupations that demonstrate higher resilience to AI—such as education, healthcare, and public administration - where human interaction and contextual judgment remain difficult to automate. The comparative analysis reveals a structural similarity between Bulgaria and Romania, shaped by shared institutional characteristics and labor market configurations. In contrast, Germany’s well-developed vocational training system and more integrated labor market mitigate the adverse labor market effects of AI. India stands out with a distinct profile marked by technological exclusion, largely driven by the predominance of informal employment. The findings highlight the critical role of institutional frameworks and human capital in shaping gendered labor market outcomes in the context of technological transformation, and emphasize the need for targeted and inclusive labor market policies.

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  Organizational Innovation and Sustainable Development of European Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Industry Sector

  Organizational innovations of European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the industrial sector are one of the main drivers of sustainable economic development. The main objective of the article is, based on the interpretation of theoretical statements, to study and assess the correlation between organizational innovations and the ... Organizational innovations of European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the industrial sector are one of the main drivers of sustainable economic development. The main objective of the article is, based on the interpretation of theoretical statements, to study and assess the correlation between organizational innovations and the sustainable development of the economic activity of SMEs in the Member States of the European Union during the period 2012-2022. The assessment of the implemented types of organizational innovations is carried out using the indicator of “new business practices for organizing procedures or external relations of European SMEs in the industrial sector”. The size of the “realized net turnover” is used as a measure of the sustainable development of the economic activity of the surveyed enterprises. The adopted methodological framework of the study includes the application of the method of linear regression and correlation. The collected empirical data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software product and the Excel program. The obtained research results support the positive influence of the organizational innovations carried out on the growth of the realized net turnover of SMEs in the industrial sector of Europe. The emerging similarities and differences between the studied enterprises in the countries of the European Union are highlighted. More important regularities in the development of organizational innovation at the level of enterprises in the European industrial sector are deduced.

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  Genesis and Development of the Internet of Things

  The article is devoted to the genesis and development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Structurally, it consists of an introduction, three parts, and a conclusion. The first part is introductory in nature and reveals the primary foundations for the origin of the IoT, such as the invention of the computer, the discovery of the transistor, and the ... The article is devoted to the genesis and development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Structurally, it consists of an introduction, three parts, and a conclusion. The first part is introductory in nature and reveals the primary foundations for the origin of the IoT, such as the invention of the computer, the discovery of the transistor, and the Internet as a global system of interconnected networks, as well as the more significant discoveries prior to its "birth" that paved the way for its emergence. The second part traces the expansion and development of the Internet of Things in chronological order, highlighting the main milestones in its evolution until 2024. The third part identifies three stages in the development of the IoT: inception and initial development, growth and expansion, and ubiquitous connectivity and mass application. In conclusion, in addition to brief summarizing conclusions from the presentation, expectations related to the development of the IoT in the near future are outlined very concisely, such as the use of 5G networks, blockchain technologies, edge computing, the integration of IoT with artificial intelligence (AloT), and machine learning (ML).