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  Modelling Uncertainty During the COVID-19 Crisis

  The study analyses the levels and the dynamics of uncertainty as a fundamental element of the macroeconomic environment during the COVID-19 crisis. The focus is on the modelling of uncertainty on the basis of the market approach for quantifying it. The process of modelling results in the calculation of indicators through which a comparative ... The study analyses the levels and the dynamics of uncertainty as a fundamental element of the macroeconomic environment during the COVID-19 crisis. The focus is on the modelling of uncertainty on the basis of the market approach for quantifying it. The process of modelling results in the calculation of indicators through which a comparative empirical evaluation is done. In terms of the economies included, the comparative analysis encompasses the EU and the United States. The analysis is conducted on two levels that go side by side and complement each other. The first one consists of comparing the periods for the concrete economy. The results show similar trends for the EU and for the United States. For the three periods, defined in the study, the sequence of the changes does not differ for the two economies. The second level includes a comparative analysis of the same periods between the economies. The results exhibit a considerable similarity in the levels of uncertainty. For the first two periods the differences are not even statistically significant. For the third period, however, there is a greater difference which is characterized by statistical significance.

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  Development of Motor Third Party Liability Insurance in Bulgaria

  The main objective of the study is to assess the current state and prospects for the development of the insurance "Motor Third Party Liability" in Bulgaria. The dynamics of the realized gross written premium income generated by insurers and the insurance payments made by them during the period 2010-2021 are tracked in the study. The state of the ... The main objective of the study is to assess the current state and prospects for the development of the insurance "Motor Third Party Liability" in Bulgaria. The dynamics of the realized gross written premium income generated by insurers and the insurance payments made by them during the period 2010-2021 are tracked in the study. The state of the insurance "Motor Third Party Liability" in Bulgaria has been evaluated using the indicator "Net Claims Ratio". Based on the conducted research, it was concluded that the "Motor Third Party Liability" insurance product is profitable and has consistently held the leading positions in market share since 2010. The trend indicates that this is likely to remain unchanged in the near future.

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  The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic and Military Conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Presented in Application of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16

  The aim of this study is to perform a summary analysis of the impact of the Covid – 19 pandemics and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, in application of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 – Leases, which is part of a more extensive detailed study of the effect of these ... The aim of this study is to perform a summary analysis of the impact of the Covid – 19 pandemics and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, in application of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments, IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers and IFRS 16 – Leases, which is part of a more extensive detailed study of the effect of these extremely significant events on the information in the public reports of a group of tourist enterprises in Bulgaria The study goes through a commentary on the initial implementation of the standards (first-year implementation) and arrives at a discussion on the changes in their content and manner of implementation that occurred as a result of the above two major events The analysis shows that the changes as a result of the economic shocks for the world and for Bulgaria as well, as a result of these two exceptional events in their nature and impact, significantly change the picture of the functioning and survival of economic entities in such a stressful environment. The tourism industry is undoubtedly going through a significant challenge trying to survive in such an unfavorable atmosphere. The development and adaptation of the standards from 2017 (the year before their introduction) to the present moment (the end of 2022) was observed and analyzed in order to get an adequate idea of the effects of the implementation, amendment and addition of IFRS 9, IFRS 15 and IFRS 16, in relation to the Covid – 19 pandemic and the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine.