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  Fakes as Objects of Tax Control

  Counterfeits are those results from an act or omission that is false, fraudulent or forged like the existing product. They contain foreign traits (characteristics) that create the illusion of a quality product at a higher cost or price, respectively. Counterfeits are of interest for tax control due to the fact that they generate profit. Tax ... Counterfeits are those results from an act or omission that is false, fraudulent or forged like the existing product. They contain foreign traits (characteristics) that create the illusion of a quality product at a higher cost or price, respectively. Counterfeits are of interest for tax control due to the fact that they generate profit. Tax control shall be established reality of profit, which serves as the basis for the calculation of tax liabilities, and the opportunities for manipulation of revenue and expenditure variables. Due to the wide variety of fakes, in this article false documents created in relation to counterfeit goods will be highlighted. Types of document crimes have been structured and their number compared (including sanctioned offenders) with the counterfeit goods and accompanying forged documents.

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  The Link Between Credit Default Swaps and Stock Markets in Central and Eastern Europe

  Our study aims at testing whether there is long-run relationship between the CDS and stock markets in seven countries of Eastern Europe. First, we define specifics of the seven CEE stock markets and CDS spreads. We have found that they show different performance characteristics – stock markets present very different performance while the ... Our study aims at testing whether there is long-run relationship between the CDS and stock markets in seven countries of Eastern Europe. First, we define specifics of the seven CEE stock markets and CDS spreads. We have found that they show different performance characteristics – stock markets present very different performance while the volatility has been very close. Next, we try to estimate the presence of co-integration among the stock markets on the one side and CDS spread on the other. The results show that both stock market indices and CDS spread are not stationary at levels but are stationary at first difference and they are first-order integrated I(1) for all countries. Next, we apply Granger causality test for short-run relationship and our results show for Russia and Poland that the index return is Granger causing the change in CDS spread, the variance in the CDS explained by the index is 40% and 31% respectively. In the case of Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, where the change in the CDS spread is Granger Causing change in stock market index, the variance in the index explained by the CDS spread is 36%, 11% and 27% respectively.

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  Methods of Amortization ind its Influence on Financial Result

  The article deals with the methods of amortization of non-current tangible assets, regulated by the applicable accounting standards. Data are used to illustrate the operation with them. The annual amortization allowances are calculated by any of the methods of amortization within the useful life of the asset, using the same data. Amortization ... The article deals with the methods of amortization of non-current tangible assets, regulated by the applicable accounting standards. Data are used to illustrate the operation with them. The annual amortization allowances are calculated by any of the methods of amortization within the useful life of the asset, using the same data. Amortization allowances are accounted as amortization costs relating as directed, according to the adopted accounting policies by enterprises. They are included in the formation of the cost of the products of labour and accounting financial result. To demonstrate their effect on the financial result, a comparison between them has been made. Tables and graphs are included in the article.