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Kiril Luchkov
Àccents of Annual Accounting Closure in Non-Financial Enterprises
Summary:
In the present research we are focusing our attention on some principled and procedural questions about the annual accounting closure in non-financial enterprises applying IAS/IFRS as a reporting base related to preparation and presentation of the annual financial statement. Without claims of exhaustion, the main stages of annual accounting closure are analysed in chronological order, the duration of which depends on specific features of the enterprise itself and the organisation of the accounting process. Emphasis is placed on the inventory of the assets and liabilities whose purpose guarantees the informational authencity which is announced in the annual financial statement.
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Rositsa Simeonova
New Aspects of Accounting Legislation
Summary:
Accounting is an information system, which only creates information regarding the financial position, the efficiency of operations, the changes in the financial position and the cash flows of enterprises. All this suggests certain requirements for its operation and the information it creates. They are codified in the existing accounting legislation – the Accountancy Act and the applicable accounting standards. Some changes have occurred due to the influence of various factors in the accounting regulations. In recent years, the reasons for this have been related to some changes in the basic EU acts that regulate the relations in the field of accounting.
A new Accountancy Act and National Accounting Standards (NAS) amended and supplemented have been in force since the beginning of 2016. The standards set out in these regulations have led to changes in the implementation of accounting as a practical activity.
This paper highlights both the new aspects of accounting legislation and those that give rise to certain inconsistencies in interpreting them and potential problems in applying them. This is done sequentially – first regarding the Accountancy Act, and then regarding the amendments and supplements to the National Accounting Standards. Some of the arguments can be taken into account when these regulations are further updated.
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Alla Ozeran
The Results of Implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards in Ukraine: Problematic Issues and Solutions
Summary:
In May, 2011 Verhovna Rada of Ukraine amended the law “On Accounting and Financial Statements in Ukraine”, according to which domestic enterprises, and foremost joint stock companies, banks, and insurance companies are obliged to prepare and present financial and consolidated statements in accordance with the International Standards of Financial Reporting (IFRS) from 1st January, 2012. One of the main problems of transition to IFRS is considered to be the short timeframe for their implementation. The paper presents research of the process of the reformation of the Ukraine’s system of accounting to generally accepted world principles and standards, necessitated by country’s independence gained in 1991, changes in the economic system and the country’s intention to be integrated into the European Union. The research provides main stages of reforms conducted, as well as results achieved on each stage; the article analyses and provides solutions to problems and difficulties connected with the implementation of the IFRS in Ukraine.
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Branimira Assenova Koleva
The Role of Materiality and the Correct Assessment of Audit Risk in Issuing Quality Audit Report
Summary:
The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) has to take an oath before the independent financial audit may commence. Everyone has to comply with the code of ethics, perform a quality and independent work. This paper is aimed at supporting the work of auditors by providing theoretical knowledge and illustrative examples on the definition and use of audit materiality.
Each of us is a user of financial statement information, however we may not always understand from the audit report if there is an unqualified (clear) opinion (in terms of volume). This is due to the fact that the audit materiality is stated in the audit file and not considered valuable in the audit report. In addition, the audit materiality is not a public information and any errors below the level of materiality remain in the audit file. What is the level of materiality determined by the auditor, what are the rules that have led to define it? This remains confidential information.
The core of the audit is to determine the audit risk, the level of materiality and gathering audit evidence. Quality work performed by the auditor ensures audit quality. It is difficult to determine audit quality as this does not get clear from the auditor's report. Therefore, in order to better inform users of financial statements, it is required additional disclosures to be made in the audit report presented as recommendations in the study.
