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Petar Ilkov Peshev, Ivaylo Donchev Beev
Analysis of the Proportional Tax System in Bulgaria
Summary:
Proportional taxation with a single tax rate and the low tax rate policy intended to lower the shadow economy, increase tax revenues due the larger tax base, but also aimed to attract local and foreign investments, improving the employment situation, and finally to stimulate Bulgarian economy in the EU convergence process. Nearly a decade later empirical data allows an objective analysis of the pros and cons of tax cuts introduced in 2007 and 2008. This paper aims to provoke discussion on low tax policy implemented in in 2007 and 2008 and to analyze its suitableness and eventually to provoke a tax policy amendment debate.
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Boryana Ilieva Evlogieva
Democracy - a Current Myth
Summary:
The present study is an attempt for a more critical look at the contemporary democracy, if it is reality at all. Public consciousness has built up its image on the ideas since the time of Aristotle up to present days. But the task is to have a look at and analyze the contemporary democracy from a more different position – this of the mythological thinking. The conclusion is that a huge discrepancy between the democracy as an idea, as a theory and the real organization and management of the society, is a fact. The idea has been developed and enriched since ancient times till nowadays, but is still far from its practical realization – something that turns it into a myth.
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Nikola Zhivkov, Marieta Zhivkova
The Role of Democracy in Reaching Public Consolidation
Summary:
In this article, we analyzed in historical aspects of the Bulgarian authors related to the formation of the values of democracy. A logical connection with some of them is the analyzed leading goals and principles in the Preamble of the 1991 Constitution. They form the image of constitutional democracy. Based on modern theoretical statements and political practices, the conviction is imposed that, guided by its principles, the political subjects will be able to achieve agreement and consolidation necessary to bring sustainability to the development of society.
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Silviya Bratoeva Manoleva
Income Inequality in Bulgaria in the Period 1993-2019 – Decomposition by Income Sources
Summary:
Income inequality is a result from an unequal distribution of different types of incomes forming total household income. The aim of the paper is to find which income sources are the main drivers for rising inequality in Bulgaria for the last 25 years by using income inequality decomposition. The results show that wages has the biggest and growing importance for the overall inequality. Most unequal distributed incomes are those from property, but they have an insignificant role for the rising overall inequality because of the small share in total household income. Incomes that mitigate income inequality are the social transfers, but their effect varies depending on the type of transfer.
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Aleksandar B. Todorov
Empirical Analysis of the Economic Concentration Within the Largest Bulgarian Companies for the Period 2006-2013
Summary:
The article provides a descriptive analysis of the economic concentration and inequality among the 100 largest companies in the Bulgarian non-financial sector in the period from 2006 to 2013. For this purpose, data used are sales and number of employees provided by the annual ranking Capital 100. Established statistical measures of concentration and disparity are applied to the data: concentration ratio, Herfindahl index and Gini coefficient. The empirical results suggest stabilization of the positions of the 10 largest companies, but at the same time growing importance of companies in the second half, i.e. of these with positions from 51 to 100.
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Svilena Mihaylova
Between-Sector Wage Differences and Inequaolity in the Bulgarian Economy: the Role of Foreign-Owned Firms
Summary:
The paper explores between-sector wage differences and inequality in Bulgaria in the period 2008-2021, distinguishing between foreign-owned and domestic non-financial enterprises. To estimate between-sector wage inequality for all non-financial enterprises, as well as separately for the two types of firms, the between-group component of the Theil index is used. This approach allows to establish whether foreign affiliates stay behind the evolution of overall between-sector wage inequality, as well as to isolate the contribution of each sector to this trend. The results show that between-sector wage inequality among foreign-owned firms is greater compared to local firms. However, while between-sector wage inequality among foreign firms’ employees tends to fluctuate over time, there is an overall upward trend in the case of domestic firms.
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Ivan G. Ivanov, Nonka Georgieva
A Linear Matrix Inequality Method for Stochastic Model on Markov Jump Linear Systems
Summary:
We consider a special class of linear quadratic stochastic models on Markov jump linear system. The aim is to find the best control function for a model. The search of the control function passes trough the computation of the maximal solution to a system of the general discrete time Riccati equations. An effective method for finding the maximal solution is the method of a linear matrix inequality (a standard method). In this paper we present two new modifications of the method of a linear matrix inequality. The numerical experiments for comparing the computational characteristics of the modified methods and the standard method are executed. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of new methods to the standard method.
