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  SWOT Analysis of Bulgarian Agriculture in the Context of the European Green Deal: Economic and Strategic Perspectives

  This study presents a SWOT analysis of Bulgarian agriculture in the context of the European Green Deal, focusing on the economic, environmental, and institutional dimensions of the sustainable transition. The analysis is based on a combined methodological approach, including a survey conducted among 92 agricultural holdings evenly distributed ... This study presents a SWOT analysis of Bulgarian agriculture in the context of the European Green Deal, focusing on the economic, environmental, and institutional dimensions of the sustainable transition. The analysis is based on a combined methodological approach, including a survey conducted among 92 agricultural holdings evenly distributed across the six statistical regions of Bulgaria (NUTS-2), as well as focus groups with representatives of different production models. The research identifies key internal strengths, notably the availability of modern equipment, accumulated production experience, and the application of sustainable farming practices. At the same time, major weaknesses are identified - high production costs, limited access to financing, low innovation activity, and a lack of institutional support. Development opportunities are linked to processes of technological modernization, improved access to markets, and the utilization of targeted funding. The main external threats include regulatory uncertainty and political instability. Based on the empirical findings, specific policy recommendations are formulated, aimed at providing differentiated support for farms, facilitating knowledge and technology transfer, and encouraging innovation in order to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of the sector. The study proposes a framework for assessing the adaptive capacity of Bulgarian agriculture under the transformations driven by the Green Deal and aims to support the formulation of informed managerial and policy decisions.

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  Defining the Internet of Things: Analysing Approaches and Key Components

  The article attempts to define the essence of the Internet of Things (IoT). The definitions of IoT as part of the Internet and the so-called “enumerated components” approach with one (connectivity between devices, things) or a combination of several components (e.g. connectivity + networks; connectivity + data + networks + services) are studied. ... The article attempts to define the essence of the Internet of Things (IoT). The definitions of IoT as part of the Internet and the so-called “enumerated components” approach with one (connectivity between devices, things) or a combination of several components (e.g. connectivity + networks; connectivity + data + networks + services) are studied. The idea of a definition based on the entire set of constituent elements is considered unacceptable. Based on 150 different definitions, the main basic components (key characteristics) are highlighted and a personal definition of the essence of IoT is given. The approach of the five “core dimensions” of N. Goumagias, J. Whalley and O. Dilaver is also studied, as well as the sources of ambiguities related to the definition of IoT.

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  Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Motivation

  The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on company performance is an important issue in organizational research and has been debated for decades. Only in recent years, however, have researchers turned their attention to aspects at the individual level, such as the relationship between CSR and job satisfaction or work engagement. ... The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on company performance is an important issue in organizational research and has been debated for decades. Only in recent years, however, have researchers turned their attention to aspects at the individual level, such as the relationship between CSR and job satisfaction or work engagement. However, understanding of how CSR activities shape organizational performance by influencing employee motivation remains partial. This article contributes to its improvement by analyzing the impact of CSR activities on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of employees. The findings show that CSR activities at both the enterprise and supra-organizational levels have a positive impact on intrinsic motivation, while not affecting extrinsic motivation – social responsibility neither promotes nor inhibits extrinsic motivation. It follows that CSR commitment can be used as an effective tool to induce intrinsic motivation without compromising extrinsic motivation. In addition, the results show a non-additive impact of CSR engagement at both levels, indicating a complex joint impact of different organizational levels and activities on employees' intrinsic motivation.