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The Impact of Interest Rate Changes on Bulgaria’s Government Debt for the Period 2003-2018
This article emphasizes on the impact of interest rate changes on government debt. For this purpose, theoretical and empirical studies are initially systematized with the main focus being placed on the change of government debt in terms of continuously decreasing interest rates. The main trends in the change of government debt, interest payments, ...
This article emphasizes on the impact of interest rate changes on government debt. For this purpose, theoretical and empirical studies are initially systematized with the main focus being placed on the change of government debt in terms of continuously decreasing interest rates. The main trends in the change of government debt, interest payments, the real GDP growth rates and the interest rates for long-term government bonds in Bulgaria are also analyzed. The econometric analysis of the relationship between interest rates and government debt is applied including tests for long and short run causal relationship among variables. When comparing the results obtained for the degree of impact of interest rates and economic growth on debt, it is concluded that interest rates have a statistically significant but weak effect on government debt. There is much stronger (positive and statistically significant) effect of economic growth on debt, as opposed to the effect of interest rates.
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About the Beginning of Higher Economic Education in Bulgaria - Ivan Rusev
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Bitcoin Cryptocurrency as Money – a Monetary Analysis by Using the Ludwig von Mises Regression Theorem
Money came into existence on the basis of market relations in the absence of state intervention. The first means of exchange date back earlier than the development of clearly-established structures of public administration. The need for money was generated during an early form of trade, the barter. In general, the actual functions of money cover ...
Money came into existence on the basis of market relations in the absence of state intervention. The first means of exchange date back earlier than the development of clearly-established structures of public administration. The need for money was generated during an early form of trade, the barter. In general, the actual functions of money cover three general categories: a medium of exchange, a store of value and a unit of account. Money should be a universal force. This does not mean that money can be used by everyone; it requires wide application and sustainability. Ludwig von Mises' regression theorem is a praxeological analysis of the marginal utility of money. It analyzes reaching a historical moment when a commodity becomes a medium of exchange. The emergence of a new medium of exchange is based on an existing pricing mechanism. The subjective monetary value at the moment can be thus calculated. Bitcoin is a medium of exchange, but it still has no universal status. Cryptocurrency does not contradict the regression theorem and has the theoretical basis to turn into money. It depends on the preferences of economic agents whether this will happen or not.